Single Sex Classrooms

Single sex classrooms create opportunities that do not really exist in a coed classroom for students. Teachers can create learning strategies in all girl classrooms, and in all boy classrooms, which do not work as well in coed classrooms. Many public schools are beginning to adopt the single sex classroom ideas and seeing dramatic improvement with grades and test scores. The strongest proof yet, that separating boys and girls works, is the drastic improvement in grades for both sexes. But to simply place girls in a classroom and boys in another classroom is not going to work.Teachers should have special training for practical gender-specific classroom strategies and learn the best practices for these gender-separate classrooms. In the book â€Å"Gender and Education† the authors Barbara Banks, Sara Delamont, and Catherine Marshall specifically state: â€Å"Teacher interactions with students are at the heart of the hidden curriculum and are important means by which informal le ssons about gender are transmitted in schools† (Banks571). Single sex classrooms simply create more opportunities and a better learning environment for our children that coed classrooms do not create.Girls in all girl classrooms and boys in all boy classrooms are more likely to study subjects that they would not necessarily choose if the class was coed. It also expands ideas of educational opportunities and core values for both boys and girls, and the classes generate custom created learning strategies and instructions to better learning. Girls in all girl classrooms and boys in all boy classrooms are more likely to study subjects that they wouldn’t necessarily choose if the class was coeducational, in my opinion. Single sex classrooms bring a broader horizon for our students more so than coeducational classrooms.Kenneth Jost the author of Single Sex Education quotes in his book â€Å"Sex segregation and discrimination persists in high school programs around the countr y, 30 years after Congress passed a law barring such discrimination in education† (Jost1). Single sex education advocates say the solution is quite easy just let boys be boys and girls be girls. Leonard Sax states in his book â€Å"Boys Adrift† that â€Å"the solution is to let boys and girls attend separate classes, so that you can take advantage of the ‘sex differences’ in learning styles†(Sax,174).You breakdown stereotypes by letting the sexes be separate. When you put boys and girls together, it just increases the gender roles. The boys do things that are thought of as typical for boys, and girls do things that are thought of as typical for girls. You do not see many girls wanting to take classes such as welding class, building workshop, weight room, architect design, and sports education. There definitely would not be many boys wanting to take classes such as drama, art, home economics, sewing class, and foreign languages.So if you eliminate the gender bias and the need to impress the opposite sex, you would possibly begin to see boys' willingness to engage in what would be considered â€Å"feminine activities,† such as choir or drama club. Girls’ willingness to engage in â€Å"manly activities†, such as welding and building workshops, and pro-dominantly male sports may increase also. Single sex classrooms expand ideas, educational opportunities, and core values for both sexes. Leonard Sax states in his book â€Å"Boys Adrift†, â€Å"A boy does not naturally become a gentleman-by whom I mean, a man who is courteous, kind, and unselfish.That behavior is not hardwired. It has to be taught† (Sax163). Most boy schools make a point of teaching boys to be gentlemen, to have self-discipline, and how to be a leader. This may be more important to learn than their actual school work. â€Å"Teenage boys without strong leadership can easily become barbarians† (Sax165). Sax was correct when he stated this, and this is exactly what is wrong with our male population today. This is why I feel so strongly about these single sex teaching atmospheres.In coed schools, boys tend to adopt a masculine attitude because girls are there. They feel they have to demonstrate their masculinity by gross macho over-reaction. Boys in single-sex schools become more sensitive men, and they are more polite. All girl schools focus entirely on girls, to improve their learning and self-esteem. It also motivates girls to try and reach goals, that they normally may find unattainable, because it is a â€Å"guy thing†. If there are no guys around, there is nothing to hold them back.Single sex education helps girls overcome the male sexism that still exist in public schools, and girls are at center stage at all girl schools with only girls in the audience. Educational opportunities such as less sex bias in teacher-student interactions. Reducing sex differences in curricula and more successful ro le models for girls. Girls at single sex schools are more likely to take nontraditional classes such as physics and advanced math because they have the opportunity to excel in them.This is mostly related to smaller classes and there being no gender bias. Also, it installs values such as, to work for and achieve excellent grades, create greater self-esteem, good character development, responsibility, and leadership. â€Å"Girls receive less teacher attention than boys, feel less comfortable speaking out in class, and face threats of sexual harassment in school†(Barbara1), as Santa Barbara states in her article. If that is true, why would you not want your child in single sex classrooms, so they could learn without fear or embarrassment?The single sex organizational arrangement spared students the interruptions and distractive aspects that are normally in coeducational classrooms. If these classes are offered, maybe girls would focus more on their studies and grades, instead of their looks and clothing. Not having to worry or be afraid of harassment from boys. Also by separating the classes, the overall population would decrease, giving students smaller learning environments. Other opportunities that come from these classes are lessons that students relate to and want to learn.No girl wants to read a science fiction book, and no boy wants to read a love story. This causes teachers to have a tough time finding lessons to teach the class that both genders can relate to. But with single gender classes the teachers’ lesson can be more suitable for each gender. This makes learning experience more interesting and fun. Giving students more educational opportunities. Single Sex classrooms generate custom created learning strategies and instructions to better student learning. Teachers have to customize what they do, to the needs and abilities of each individual student.In single-sex schools, teachers are free to choose materials that fit the interests of t heir students. In coed schools, the females are often held back or held down to the abilities and interests of the males. Teachers should have special training for practical gender-specific classroom strategies and learn the best practices for the gender-separate classroom. Boys perceive the coed school as an institution run largely by women, and run largely according to women's rules: (examples: â€Å" sit still†, â€Å"don't make too much noise†, â€Å"don't be disruptive†, etc. ).They see that the majority of the top students are girls, and the â€Å"teacher's pet† is either a female or a geek. So, many boys may devalue academic excellence. If you're a male at a coed school, being an â€Å"A† student does not raise your status with other guys. At many coed schools, being an â€Å"A† student may actually lower your status with other boys. Girls and boys that attend same sex schools tend to have higher test scores and high grades in general , rather than their counterparts that go to coeducational schools. Boys' and girls' brains develop differently.These differences are especially significant for learning in the early years. Then, as they get older, girls and boys distract each other from academics because of normal social and sexual development. The needs of each sex are completely opposite therefor the emphasis of a school for boys should not be required to be the same as a school for girls. These classes and schools also benefit kids with learning disabilities. It gives them more time with a teacher and less distractions. Also, teachers are able to create lesson plans that help focus their attention on what they need to be learning.Statistics show that girls excel in reading and writing while boys excel more so in science and math. With single gender classrooms boys could excel in English because teachers could give them topics to write about that interest them. Unlike the topic the teacher would have to pick to go with a coeducational class. Boys could write about gladiators or soldiers, and the teacher not discourage them. But encourage them to become more detailed, even if it is not sweet or nice, because there are no girls in the class to compare it to.The issue to often is boys think writing stories is for girls and geeks. Real boys play games and sports. That is the message which many coed schools today are unintentionally giving to males. Teachers in all-boys schools can send a different message. â€Å"Girls are more likely to be excessively critical in evaluating their own academic performance. Conversely, boys tend to have unrealistically high estimates of their own academic abilities and accomplishments† (Pomerantz396). So with that statement I think teachers who teach single gender classes should focus on promoting girls to believe in themselves.These teachers should help boys to really focus on their academics, rather than let them think unrealistically and challenge them t o do better. Psychologists have found fundamental differences in what motivates females, compared to males. â€Å"Researchers have consistently found that girls are more concerned than boys are with pleasing adults, such as parents and teachers. Most boys, on the other hand, will be less motivated to study, unless the material itself interest them† (Pomerantz, Altermatt, & Saxon, 2002, p. 397). Boys and girls experience different academic difficulties.Therefore, maybe the best thing to do is separate the genders and have teachers who are qualified in teaching single gender classrooms teach them. Single sex classes and schools strive to help improve students’ achievement. Single sex schools are no longer limited to providing an alternative educational route for girls. Today, boys also need this type of school environment, in order to learn effectively and be productive young men. Single sex classes and schools can help bring about greater race and social-class equality. This has become the final frontier in creating true equality of educational opportunity for all. Studies have shown when public schools have tried the single gender classrooms the results are: a decrease in disciplinary problems, higher scores on standardized test, and over all educational achievement. The benefits of single-sex schools are not only just academics. Single-sex education has been shown to expand the students' outlook on life. Allowing freedom to explore one’s own strengths and interests in life. With no fear of gender stereotypes holding them back.

The Copernican Plan: Scheduling of Classes

These days public school districts seem to be under attack for their quantity not quality education standards. These school districts face big problems in attempting to deliver quality education to their customers, the students. How can a school district enhance the quality of time that students spend in the classroom, provide more time for collaboration and coordination among it's professional staff members, promote continuous professional development, and do so with as few dollars as possible? A current solution is The Copernican Plan devised by Joseph M. Carroll. This is a unique scheduling plan that reduces the number of classes that a student takes at any one time. There are many variations of the Copernican Plan. In one variation the student takes 2 macro-classes in the morning. Each class is approximately 100 minutes long and is taken for only one 60-day trimester. During the afternoon the student would take 2 exploratory classes. Schools using the Copernican Plan have routinely increased standardized scores, attendance, and teacher collaboration time. According to current research, the Copernican Plan can help almost every U.S. high school decrease its average class size, increase its course offerings, substantially reduce teaching load, provide students with regularly scheduled seminars, establish a productive learning environment, and substantially increase learning mastery within present funding levels. Overall, the Copernican Plan changes school scheduling by lengthening instructional periods for fewer and smaller classes. The system should improve teacher-student relationships, lighten workloads, and introduce innovative evaluation and learning systems. As a future teacher, I might favor using the Copernican Plan to create an adequate learning environment for my students. Along with using this program, I would have the opportunity to collaborate with my teacher peers. Working together brainstorming and providing feedback for others will enhance the learning environment we provide for our students.

Availability Of Information Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Availability Of Information Online - Essay Example E-learning is electronic based training which involves the transfer of instructions and educational material through the internet or intranet and/or CD-ROM (Mason, 2006). It may include use of videos, audio, or written materials. Reflective learning Reflective learning can be classified as one of the earliest learning method. This method of learning can be explained as consciously thinking about a situation and analyzing what one has done or is doing. The thinking can involve looking for commonalities, differences, and interrelations beyond their superficial elements. It can be also seen as learning from present or past experience (Moon, 2004). Finally, reflective learning is the process by which one makes meaning from experiences that involve more than simply attending to events but also, the interaction other individuals, the environment and the world. Reflective learning encourages participation, ensures concentration of the students and offers relevant framework for development o f professionals in their respective fields. Reflective learning also enables instructors to learn from their experiences of teaching and facilitate students learning (Brookfield, 2000). By use of the Kolb cycle (a set of four different stages) instructors can acquire useful model by which to develop their practice. The assumption of the Kolb cycle is that it is insufficient to encompass an experience so as to learn and that the cycle can be entered at any stage. The four stages of the Kolb cycle are concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. Concrete experience involves actual doing of an act so as to have the first hand experience. Reflective observation may involve reviewing and reflecting on the experience acquired (Scho?n, 1987). Abstraction conceptualization involves the thinking process and concluding of the learning experience. Active experimentation is the planning and the trying out of the information and experiences acquired. It is evident that through reflective learning, the lecturer acquires the necessary skills which can enable him or her effectively teaches and counsels the students (Scho?n, 1987). E-learning and Reflective learning The introduction and continued spread of e-learning may lead to the division of academics from the scholars and tends to lead to the anticipation that classes can be triumphant without the face to face contact of the student with the instructor. E-learning may be most appropriate if three factors are thoroughly addressed, which are technology, instructional needs, and education (Lynch, 2002). However, most modern theories of learning (including E-learning) promote the concept of reflective learning as essential for deep and significant learning. The advancement in technology has enabled e-learning to overcome the traditional disadvantages of using technology to gain experience and knowledge. (Stephenson, 2001) In the past, online learning was passive, using the usual teaching centered approach. However, the e-learning approach used this days incorporates the reflective theory of learning enabling learners to observe, reflect, strategize, and even to plan their own learning. The online learning activity, featuring reflections and collaboration, attempts to assist students in self-directed learning and in improving their skills and knowledge through designing tailor made learning programmes that are well suited to each student (Clarke,

Reducing Risk in Patient Falls through Scheduled Rounds Research Paper

Reducing Risk in Patient Falls through Scheduled Rounds - Research Paper Example 1. What three database(s) in the CCN library best address your research question (CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, ERIC, (others; i.e. what subject heading would you use to perform your search)? The best databases that address the current research questions are Medline and CINAHL. The best subject option to use in undertaking the search would be â€Å"reducing risk in patient falls through scheduled rounds†. 2. How can you focus or expand the search if initial search results are not satisfactory? The search will be focused or expanded to include variables such as patients in acute care and rapid response of nurses to call lights. 3. Describe ways you might refine your general search to reduce the number of results from your search. Can you use the EBSCO subject headings? What about the advanced search option using Boolean limiters such as AND. Once you have a reasonable number of relevant search results (10-30) what final limiters will, you set to reduce the search results further ( i.e., English language limiter, age limiters, publication year limiters, peer-reviewedjournallimiter, and/or human subject limiter)? Two most outstanding search reduction models that shall be employed are the publication year limiter and peer reviewed journal limiter. This is because as far as the issue of risk involved in patient falls are concerned, new researches are conducted by the day that tend to disprove existing facts. For this reason, it is always important to deal with the most current researches. Moreover, peer reviewed journals are more justifiable and valid in the face of undertaking academic research of this nature. Literature Review Portion of the Worksheet Your Name: Date: Your Instructor’s Name: Purpose: To find evidence to support an intervention that will change the outcomes. Directions: Type your search question below. Find AT LEAST SIX (6) studies to support the need for change and the potential intervention you have selected to solve the problem. Using the table below, insert and describe your six chosen research articles. Search Question: Reducing risk in patient falls through scheduled rounds APA Reference for Article Give the APA-formatted reference for the article. Check your APA manual (Chapter 7) for correct reference format. Built in APA formats and library citations may not be in the correct format. Peer Reviewed Identify whether it is peer reviewed or not Brief Description of Research Address the question regarding how does the information in the article apply to the project problem or proposed intervention. Summarize in your own words. Type of Research Indicate if the article describes qualitative research, quantitative research, a systematic review, a meta-analysis, or expert opinion. Discuss why this type of research is significant to the project. Study Outcomes/ Recommendations Describe if the study sample is large and global enough so that conclusions can be generalized to other populations. Can you take the study re commendations and use them as a guide? Is there a research tool you can use? 1 Bursell A. L, Ketelsen L. and

Principal-agent theory provides definitive answers to how ownership Essay

Principal-agent theory provides definitive answers to how ownership and control problems should be overcome in particular firms - Essay Example As Lane indicates, the analysis of multifaceted private contracting initiated the development of the principal-agent theory. A difference can be made between temporary contracting as with the buying and selling of goods on the one hand and continuing contracting on the other hand whereby an individual hires another individual or group of individuals to work for them against compensation (2). A principal-agent correlation is a contract in which one or more individuals appoint another individual to carry out some service on their behalf whereby the former is the principal and the later is the agent. This entails entrusting some decision making power to the agent which is fairly common. For instance, a homeowner (principal) may employ a carpenter (agent) to repair her table while a client (principal) may hire a lawyer (agent) to defend his case. Principal-agent correlations also normally arise within organizations, even though the above two examples describe relations in a private setti ng. In organizations, the role of the principal is often played by the board of directors, which contracts a manager to manage the institution in the interest of the investors or in the interest of the stakeholders in the case of a nonprofit organization (Caers et.al, 26). Principal-agent theory is used to portray a dyadic relation between a buyer and a seller. At its most basic levels, this model originated from economics. In this relationship the buyer makes a deal with the seller and has the finances to acquire the seller’s service of the service. This means that the buyer has the control required to fund and realize the service that they require. Conversely, the seller can push the association to their favor and increase the price since they have more knowledge concerning the service they are providing than the buyer does. However, either the seller or buyer can employ this to their benefit depending on phrasing of the contract. Principal-agent theory assumes that the sel ler and the buyer do not yearn for a jointly beneficial result of the association, but would somewhat pay less or charge more than what the other is offering (Cohen, 5) In a principal-agent interaction at least two people are to partner in the formation of a service that has value. However, the two individuals are not of the same legal standing or partners. The agent is the individual who works for the principal while the principal puts up the payment for agent’s effort against the value that the agent gives to the principal in the form of a product of some sort. Consequently, principal-agent interaction is basically an agreement on how much of the value that the agent produces should go back to him/her as an earning. Nevertheless, what makes the principal-agent model unique is the extra assumption of asymmetric information, meaning that the agent knows more than the principal about the service under consideration in a manner that may influences the contracting results (Lane, 2). In the principal-agent model, the payoff to the principal relies on an action taken by the agent. The principal cannot contract for the action, but can pay off the agent founded on some evident sign that is associated with the action. The first mover is the principal who decides an incentive system for paying the agent depending on the apparent sign. On the hand, the agent decides the best action to take, given the incentives, and then chooses whether to accept the principal’s offer, based on the estimated payment and the prejudiced cost of carrying out the action. Upon agreeing, the agent decides an action that makes the most of his remunerations and the principal monitors the signal associated with t

Brand management in Irelands indigenous sector Essay

Brand management in Irelands indigenous sector - Essay Example 442). Brand assets are difficult and expensive to develop, maintain, and adapt. The offering environment is cluttered, confused, and complex in part because of the proliferation of products, brands, and sub-brands. Dynamic market contexts with the emergence of new sub-categories make it necessary to adapt and stretch brands, putting additional strain on their ability to deliver the needed support. Consequently to understand the dynamics of brand management and assess whether or not they are successful in communicating the brand to consumers and whether or not those strategies enhance their brand equity, this proposal was developed. The organization of this proposal is the following. Firstly, a description of the project is presented. Secondly, the methodology is proposed. Thirdly, an approximated time schedule of research is developed. Finally, a provisional table of contents is suggested. The aim of this research is to assess whether a firm is successful in communicating the brand to consumers and whether their strategies enhance their brand equity of three Ireland companies. Consequently, the general objective is: In reference to academic relevance, this research pretends to support empirical evidence to the field of marketing metrics. The suggestion of Rust et al. (2004) about search for empirical support to the chain of marketing activities has been taken into account. With respect to managerial relevance, th... 1.3. Academic and Managerial Relevance of the Subject In reference to academic relevance, this research pretends to support empirical evidence to the field of marketing metrics. The suggestion of Rust et al. (2004) about search for empirical support to the chain of marketing activities has been taken into account. With respect to managerial relevance, this research pretends not only to tell the board that brand management contributes to the company, but also to give them the effectiveness of marketing in money terms. 2. Description of the Project 2.1. Literature Review in Short 2.1.1. Brand Management Brand Management is the best way for firms to manage their precious brand assets (Low and Fullerton 1994). Additionally, brand managers are responsible for the performance of brands as well as central coordinators of all marketing activities for their brand and responsible for developing and implementing marketing plan. Along the years the research in Brand Management has been associated with Corporate approach, Retailing, Strategies, Alliances, Brand Extension, new Research methodology approaches, Non-profit firms, International decisions, and others. One reason for studying brand arises from a strategy-based motivation to improve marketing productivity (Keller 1993). Perhaps a firm's most valuable asset for enhancing marketing productivity is the knowledge that has been created about the brand in consumers' mind from the firm's investments in previous marketing programs. What consumers know about brands is the brand knowledge. On the other hand, brand Awareness is related to the strength of the brand node or trace in

A1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A1 - Assignment Example Industry events show that Pepsi has always shown a slight edge over Coca Cola on the basis of profitability growth. As stated by Thomas, this resulted from Pepsi’s activities in witnessing indomitable share repurchase as compared to Coca Cola. Both companies witness almost same annual growth rate because of their ability to maintain their shareholders value through strategy of strengthening their dividend. This is in form of the company’s earning, which helped in attracting investors consequently increasing the demand The TIE (times interest earned) and debt to assets ratio show Coca Cola has the best financial condition. Risk for Coca Cola’s failure to payout interest is much lower than Pepsi’s. Dividend payout ratios, dividend per share and dividend yield suggest that investors of Coca Cola have greater proposition of revenue from dividends. Larger dividends also reflect a healthy financial condition of company. This means that Coca Cola is likely to take up on projects, which needs funding as compared to its competitors. The global financial crisis witnessed might have brought the realized little earning per share registered by the companies in

Your pick of this week's news Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Your pick of this week's news - Assignment Example Donor nations particularly face challenges while dealing with the receptive but discriminating nations on the grounds of sexual orientation. The main idea of the article is that with the growth in the acceptance of gay rights globally, donor nations and organizations are facing more challenges in establishing the limits to which they can extend help to the nations that impose ban on homosexuality. The author has given enough factual material to support the ideas e.g. latest estimates of the UN, and quotations of important figures. The author appears to have obtained information through review of literature and latest news. The reportage is true and balanced because it is based on facts. The author has identified the dilemma donor nations are caught in as they feel pressurized to stop aid to the discriminating nations to take their stand for gay rights on one hand, and to continue aid for the health and social wellbeing of these nations on the cost of gay right

S6W8Paper2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

S6W8Paper2 - Research Paper Example The latter part of the 20th century and commencement of the 21st century has radically altered the nature of international order. It is now evident that this change cannot be contained in a dynamic world characterized by globalization, and rapid growth in information and technology. United States of America must therefore brace itself to a multilateral world where, while boosting of the military, economic and cultural prowess, it may face challenges from adversaries and even allies2. This paper gives a detailed account of the current international order and trends in the global affairs that have either a direct or indirect impact on United States. It further shows the manner in which US can chart its way to a peaceful and stable future by being at the forefront of world economy, protecting crucial global strategic interests, and maximizing on the use of military power and strength. In addition, the paper provides an analysis of the emerging threats from terrorist and the proliferatio n of nuclear weapons. ... Most of these actors are responsible for direct acts of terrorism and supporting terrorist groups either financially or through offering them a safe haven. Cases in point are North Korea and Iran. The two nations have totally objected collaborating with international treaties on aspects such as reduction of nuclear weapon capabilities. The eventuality has been constant threats on resources that are meant for the common good such as oil and sea lanes. The policy of United States then is to insist on measures that would compel such non-players to comply with the treaties agreed upon by the international institutions. Among the many strategies employed include application of stringent sanctions on such nations aimed at crippling their economic and coordination power3. Nonetheless, the sanction would be only be enforced on states that blatantly object the efforts of international institutions of preserving global peace and order. For instance, North Korea is clearly moving against the gl obal peace initiative. It has consistently tested its medium range missiles despite warnings from the international community. Furthermore, it has gone on the offensive, through its dictatorial leader, to warn U.S., South Korea and Japan of a possible war if they do not stay away from spying on them. The threats from North Korea warrant for all possible forms of sanctions. On the other hand, United States would capitalize on the strong reform organizations as well as citizens to drive change in nations such as Iran. Through supporting these movements, U.S. can effectively drive both social and political change in such countries. The same case can be applied in China. Essentially, the idea of nations investing on weapons of mass destruction would be discouraged at all costs4. The strategy

Effective Teaching Essay Example for Free

Effective Teaching Essay One of the professions that could be interesting on one side yet challenging on the other side is the teaching profession. Many people see teaching as an enterprise where people who are knowledgeable in a field of study transmit what they know to others who know little about that field of study. Generally, this is a misconception as this limits teaching to the content and does not consider actual learning. In the real sense, teaching is all encompassing as it deals with what is being taught, how it is being taught and the entire process of knowledge acquisition. As a teacher or an instructor, one must apply the right methods in disseminating information. There are different instructional methods that work for different set of people. Personally, I would not say that one is better than the other because I believe that all these instructional methods work, depending on the targeted students/participants and how the instructor or teacher can effectively use them. To speak on the whole, teaching is about imparting knowledge or skill and no matter the instructional method you use, the most important thing is that knowledge is being passed across the right way. Therefore, as an instructor, one must understand the student’s need and identify/develop specific methods in order to create an atmosphere that is conducive for learning and that allows the impartation of knowledge and skill. In my years of teaching and instructing, I have come to discover some methods that have worked for me. I have come to identify these instructional methods as vital and thus applied it in my style of teaching. As a teacher, I have come to identify withy these principles as effective and vital to the teaching profession. Although there are many principles that I have incorporated in my style of teaching, I would discuss the ones that I consider the most vital in the following paragraphs. Personally, I am of the notion that effective teaching should take a student centered approach where focus shifts from the instructor to the student. In my classes, I create an atmosphere where the students feel at home and are more involved in the learning process. I have discovered that this helps in the building of their cognitive abilities. I make sure that I do not present myself as the boss in the class, rather I encourage them to participate and allow them make decisions on the pace we go and what is studied. Topics that are treated in class are chosen according to the student’s needs and perceptions. I have monitored the effect that this has on the overall learning process and I have discovered that the students develop better problem solving skills. Furthermore, as a follow-up to the above method, I ensure that students participate more in the learning process. I am able to achieve this by seeking for their opinion about a topic in the start of each class. Apart from this, sometimes I initiate a debate in the class and play the role of an umpire as I hear their opinions. I then pick out relevant points from what they have said and use it as a starting point in introducing the topic to the class. I stipulate it in the class syllabus that class participation will be graded at the end of the course and this will add up to the points. In addition to this, I sometimes break the students into small groups and organize a mini class competition. This has worked greatly as it gives me an insight into their idea about the topic and thus I can be able to correct their misconceptions based on what I have heard them say. This encourages collaborative and group learning and this creates a warm atmosphere in the class. Another thing I do in my class is that I build a sense of curiosity in the students. This gives them the desire to learn more and look forward to what would be taught in the next class. At the end of each class, I give rhetorical questions that are open ended in nature, such that it builds suspense in them and makes them want to know the answers to the questions I give. I also ask them thought provoking questions and sometimes make a captivating statement about what will be introduced in the next class As a teacher, I have recognized that fact that there are different types of students. Some are naturally want to learn and are always ready to explore new possibilities. However, as this is true of some students, some other students are passive learners. When I spot this, a method I use is supporting these types of students to leave their comfort zones and create new possibilities for themselves. I achieve this by guiding their thoughts and making them participate in class. Some students are rather timid because they are scared of contributing the wrong thing in class. This makes them stay in their comfort zones and they seldom participate in class. In such a case I strive to build the confidence of such students and aid them in their thinking process by providing clues for them to hit the right ideas. This method helps them to develop confidence in themselves and come out of their shells to participate in class. In my years of teaching, I have seen students who are timid transform to become major contributors in class. Finally, I have discovered that learning requires a settled mind. Therefore I make sure that I do not becloud the students only with academic work. I make sure that I teach these students how to be successful in life as well as in school. I make them know that I am concerned about them and their welfare but I do not involve myself directly in their affairs. I always give my students a listening ear and operate an open door policy where they can relate better with me. Summarily, teaching could be challenging but there is a joy that comes from the fact that I am imparting knowledge to them. The fulfillment of a teacher or an instructor is exemplified in the good performance of his/her students. Nothing makes me happier than seeing my students perform well and develop mastery in the topics which I have taught them. Reference: Edwards, R. (2001). â€Å"Meeting individual learner needs: power, subject, subjection†. In C. Paechter, M. Preedy, D. Scott, and J. Soler (Eds. ), Knowledge, Power and Learning. London: SAGE.

The Absence Of Mr Glass English Literature Essay

The Absence Of Mr Glass English Literature Essay In May 29 1874, Gilbert Keith Chesterton was born in London, England. In 1887, He enrolls as a day student at St. Pauls Preparatory School and begins writing and sketching in journals. His time there was not outstanding like his writings. He lacked the capability to direct his attention to subjects that did not interest him. Physically he was a large and clumsy boy, and in athletics he won no distinction whatsoever (British Writers, 1983, Vol. 6, P.335-246). He was depressed, which triggered his thoughts of suicide. Though he was intelligent, his academic career was not going so well. However, he blossomed with his writing and with the encouragement of his friends. He enjoyed debating and journalism. In 1893 however, when he joined the Slade School of Art, he experimented with an Ouija board and became almost fascinated with diabolism. In 1895 Chesterton left University College without a degree and worked for the London Publisher Redway and T. Fisher Unwin (Gilbert Keith Chesterton-Biography and works). In 1899, war broke out against two small Dutch South African Republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Chesterton had strong political interests (Biography: G K Chesterton, writer). Chesterton opposed this war, not because he was a pacifist, but because he thought that this was an unjust war. Chestertons liberalism was always a liberalism of belief in small unites. He hated imperialism and large units and the uniformity that imperialisms tyranny imposed upon people of different traditions. He was in violent reaction against the popular imperialism of the day (British Writers, 1983, Vol. 6, P.335-246). In 1896, he fell in love with a girl named Frances Blogg only to fin d him in a spiritual crisis in 1900. Then, in 1901 he married Frances Blogg, who pulled him out of his spiritual crisis. In 1901, he begins writing a regular Saturday column for Daily News, much to his journalisms delight. He was then asked to preach in 1905 at St. Pauls Church, along with entering a 30-year public debate with George Bernard Shaw (Chestertons Literary Life). He was officially received into the roman Catholic Church in 1922, but had been writing from a Roman Catholic point of view for a long time before that( G K Chesterton, Writer). Though he was a journalist, Chesterton wrote many fiction novels. He wrote books like the Father Brown Mystery novels, and the adventure story The Man Who Was Thursday. The tone of the story, as of every Chesterton story, is strongly affected by the exuberant style of the author (G K Chesterton, Writer). Chesterton was influenced by many people in his lifetime. In his childhood, when he was struggling, he surrounded himself with a group of friends. One of these friends would be recognized later in life as E.C. Bentley; who created a light verse known as the clerihew and helped formed the Junior Debating Club. He was also influenced by his family, which gave him his liberal nature concerning politics. His parents were Unitarian in religion; but that was something he did not inherit. However, his little brother Cecil joined the Roman Catholic Church in 1913 (Chestertons Literary Life). Unfortunately, just five years later in 1918, Cecil dies in war. The next year he traveled with his wife Frances to Jerusalem, the Continent, and North America. He fell gravely ill in 1914, which it is unknown to as whether it related to his death in 1936. He died the 14 of June in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. During his life he published 69 books and another ten of them would be published after his de ath (Chestertons Literary Life). Overview/Summary of Father Brown Mystery Stories: Mr. Glass This story is from a collection of the Father Brown Mystery Collection. The story begins with a scientist by the name of Orion Hood is reading a grand collection of novels. The novels whereabouts and identities were emphasized strongly in this story. The Doctor was suddenly interrupted by a disheveled man, stumbling over heavy load of luggage and an umbrella. It was Father Brown, the priest, who had come to see him. Father Brown then begins to explain the situation that he has come for advice on, because Dr. Hood has assisted criminologists and detectives in his career, because he was a genius in his department and in his studies. So Father Brown, a detective as well as a priest, came to him with a case. He asks for the help of the doctor to solve a case involving a young couple, Mr. Todhunter and Ms. MacNab. They are planning a wedding and the mother of Ms. MacNab is complaining about the profession of young Todd. She says that he spends hours in his room, talking to an unknown pers on named Mr. Glass, who is described as a tall dark stranger with a silk top hat on. The young man denies these accusations and says that his trade will be revealed before the wedding. The young woman suddenly interrupts the discussion, saying that Todd had been tied up and a murder could have occurred. Naturally, Father Brown and Dr. Hood rush to the seaside hotel and investigate the so called murder. What they find when they arrive is a man tied up with scarves on the floor, presumed to be Mr. Todd, of course. They examine the room intensely to understand the gravity of the situation, and find several key items. First, they discover two wineglasses on the table and then a smashed one on the floor. Then they also discover a sword with a drop of blood on the tip, along with a silk top hat, much too large for Mr. Todd, with no trace of hair inside of it. There were playing cards scattered across the floor as well. Dr. Hood deduces that the sword was the murder weapon of Mr. Glass, and the glasses on the floor were from their session together. The hat belonged to Mr. Glass, and he was evidently bald because there was no hair on his head and he was also elderly. He al so deduced that Todd could break free from his binds at any time, and that this was his cover up for killing Mr. Glass, who was evidently buried somewhere in the garden or stuffed up the chimney (Chesterton, Gilbert Keith). But when the clever man thinks he has solved the case, Todd begins laughing because of the accusations Dr. Hood placed on him. Father Brown then figures out the truth: Todd is really a magician. The hat was too big for him because it wasnt meant to be worn, it was meant for pulling rabbits out of. The glasses and the conversations between him and Mr. Glass were really Todd juggling and saying one, two, three, missed a glass, not Mr. Glass. The playing cards scattered all over the floor was him trying to perform card tricks. Lastly, the sword with blood was him trying to swallow swords and falling. As for the scarves, he was trying to perform a Houdini and escape from them successfully. Critical Analysis: Influences Throughout Chestertons childhood he wasnt athletic or popular. He had trouble academically, which I believe was the influence on the character Dr. Hood, who was extremely intelligent and at the end of the story, was dumbfounded because his deductions are wrong and Father Brown figured out the truth. When Chesterton went to college he struggled with skepticism and depression in 1893 and during this period he experimented with an Ouija board and grew fascinated with diabolism. (Gilbert Keith Chesterton) These events may have influenced his writing of Heretics or the mystery stories he wrote in collections called The Father Brown Mystery Stories, or the Wisdom of Father Brown. . Chestertons religion also came into play with his writings. He wrote many speeches for churches and books that often the character struggled for good morals and godly behavior. His novel, the man who was Thursday, was an anarchist named Thursday who struggled with his self and his religion. There is also a character named Sunday who is considered to resemble God in his characteristics. That was partly influenced by his experiments with the Ouija board and with his wife, Frances Blogg, who was a major part in pulling him out of his crisis (Gilbert Keith Chesterton). .Critical Analysis: Main Themes The main themes of Chestertons novels revolve mainly around religion and changing circumstances. In his novel, The Man Who was Thursday, the main theme of it is focused mainly on the character Sundays shifting perceptions of Sunday. The detective initially experiences a vague sense of evil in the presence of this godly figure, but is later replaced with respect for the man, who is thought to represent the human failure to completely fathom the paradoxes of life and nature (The Man Who Was Thursday). In his short story The Absence of Mr. Glass the themes that are evident are the changing circumstances. The circumstance changes drastically when Dr. Hood indicts the murder of the pseudo Mr. Glass on Todhunter, but the truth was ironically discovered by Father Brown when he points out the truth of the murder objects. His novel The Man Who was Thursdays theme also focused on spiritual struggle, something Chesterton himself also experienced during his years of college that he ended up dropping out of. Religion is a theme for most of his stories because of his own struggles with it, when he became fascinated with diabolism (Gilbert Keith Chesterton) and when he was writing from a Catholic point of view when he was accepted into the church in 1922 but in 1905 when he was asked to speak for the churchs behalf. Critical Analysis: Stylistic Devices All authors use some method of literary and stylistic device. G.K. Chesterton was no exception. In his story he incorporated many devices, such as similes. But if one took a volume of Chaucer or Shelley from that rank, its absence irritated the mind like a gap in a mans front teeth. (Chesterton, Gilbert K.). He used such devices like synesthesia, which is words describing different sensations. For example, in his story he uses heathen holiness (Chesterton, Gilbert K.). The effect of synesthesia is meant to be poetic and to provoke thoughts to the reader. Chesterton also uses rhetorical questions in his writing, such as Maggie MacNab and young Todhunter want to get married. Now, what can be more important than that? (Chesterton, Gilbert K.). The effect of a rhetorical question is the emphasis of the subject. Chesterton enjoys using a lot of allegories in his writing, for example in The Man Who Was Thursday. The suffering of the main character was contributed to Chesterton, who also suffered from depression during his college days at Slades Art School, and claimed afterwards that he wrote this book as a strange confirmation that goodness was at the heart of every aspect of the world. He also used aspects of the bible in this work, Sunday, the character that represented God, sits on a throne in front of the other members of the anarchists. His last words were, can ye drink of the cup that I drink of?, and that is the same question that Jesus asks James and John in Mark 10:38-39, because he wanted to challenge their commitment in becoming his disciples. Critical Analysis: Characters Since the Father Brown mystery stories were short stories, the characters were not as plentiful as are in longer stories. But the characters that are mentioned are Father Brown, Maggie MacNab, Mr. Todhunter, Dr. Orion Hood, and Mrs. MacNab. Father Brown was the detective, and he added to the story because he introduced the idea to the doctor and was demeaned somewhat by the presence of the scientist and logical sense of Dr. Hood. He seems rather disorganized, as well as not as intelligent as Dr. Orion Hood. Maggie MacNab did not add much to this thrilling short story except she was the one who informed the Father and doctor of her courters current situation. Mr. Todhunter was the innocent magician; he was practicing his tricks and was wrongly accused of murder by Dr. Hood. Dr. Hood was the brilliant scientist, who deduced a wrong persecution of Mr. Todd from a convincing set of clues. When the doctor was contradicted of his intelligent assumption it was rather of a shock to the reader because he was seemingly as intelligent as Sherlock Holmes. Lastly there is Mrs. MacNab, mother of Maggie MacNab, who misheard the mutterings of the magician as she nosed in on his room whilst he was practicing his magical arts alone. She interpreted ventriloquism and Mr. Todd saying missed a glass into a second person named Mr. Glass into the conversation with Mr. Todhunter. In the story, Maggie MacNabs mother overheard some conversations between Mr. Todhunter and the fictitious Mr. Glass. She hears Mr. Todd talk, then overhears a strange, high pitched voice. She assumes it to be another person, but is actually Mr. Todd practicing his ventriloquism, for he is a magician. Mr. Glass was rumored to be a tall, strange man in a silk top hat with a strange spectral quality to his presence. Such rumors were false, of course, because Mr. Glass was nothing more than misinterpreted dialect of the magician with himself. The point of Mr. Glass was that he was a made up character by the household to explain Mr. Toddhunters strange behavior as a reticent magician.

Model of Power within Organizations :: Legitimate Power, Reward, Coercive Power

Introduction To explain the statement: 'Power does not flow to unknown people in the organization', I will give an overview of the Model of Power in Organizations according to Mc Shane and Von Glinow, which includes a definition of the meaning of power, the different sources of power, and the contingencies that need to exist before sources of power will translate into actual power. Finally, I will provide a conclusion and recommendation. The Sources and Contingencies of Power in Organizations McShane and Von Glinow define Power as â€Å"the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others† (300). Furthermore, they state that power derives from five main sources and four main contingencies like the following figure illustrates. Figure 2: A Model of Power within organizations Source: McShane and Von Glinow 302 McShane and von Glinow determine that the first three powers - legitimate, reward, and coercive power - are granted to persons through the organization or co-workers, whereas the two other powers – expert and referent power - depend on the â€Å"power holders own characteristics† (301). The first source of power that can be assigned to members of the organization is Legitimate Power, which is defined as an â€Å"agreement among organizational members that people in certain roles can request certain behavior of others† (302). This source of power generally results from different roles in the organization (hierarchy). Like the manager can expect his or her employees to do what he or she requires. Another source of power that can be given to employees is Reward Power, which is defined as â€Å"the person’s ability to control the allocation of rewards valued by others and to remove negative sections† (302). Reward power offers incentives and is the opposite of the third source of power, which is Coercive Power. Coercive power is the last source of power that is assigned to people and involves â€Å"the ability to apply punishment† (303). The fourth source of power is Expert Power, which does not originate from the position but rather from within the person. Expert power is â€Å"the capacity to influence others by possessing knowledge or skills that others value† (303). For instance, an employee can develop expert power when gaining important knowledge for the organizations that others would also like to have. The fifth source of power that does not depend on the role or position of an employee, but on the person’s own characteristics is Referent Power, which is defined as â€Å"the capacity to influence others on the basis of an identification with and respect for the power holder† (303).

Jessica Rodriguez Essay -- English Literature

Moton and Paradise Historical Accuracy in Equiano’s Novel Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, has become a very important piece of literature. Equiano established a new type of literature with this novel. It was the first autobiography/slave narrative ever written. Many other slaves, such as Fredrick Douglass, followed his example in writing autobiographies or slave narratives. Equiano not only gives detailed descriptions of his homeland, of which we still know little about, he also gives a powerful account of the Middle Passage. Despite these captivating accounts, many critics have come to question the authenticity of Equiano’s history. Many do not believe that he was the man he claimed to be. Although there is some evidence to suggest this, there is not enough to discredit Equiano’s accounts. Equiano’s autobiography offers a powerful and truthful account of the author’s history, and his experiences with the slave trade and the Middle Passage. Despite the critics’ accusations, Equiano’s novel is historically accurate. Olaudah Equiano was born in the southern part of Nigeria known as Isseke (or Essaka) in the year 1745. Equiano provides much information on their customs and rituals. He explains in detail the dress, religion, dance, and customs of the Igbo people. One recurring topic is cleanliness. Equiano states â€Å". . . our cleanliness on all occasions is extreme. . .† (9). After his kidnapping, he is astonished at the lack of cleanliness he encounters. He also describes how important dance is in his culture. Equiano claims, â€Å"we are almost a nation of dancers, musicians, and poets. Thus e... ...e to witness the fruits of his hard labor, but he did not quit fighting for what he believed in until the very end. Olaudah Equiano is a historically accurate novel worthy of being treated as a viable piece of literature. Works Cited Carretta, Vincent. â€Å"Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa? New Light on an Eighteenth-century Question of Identity†, Slavery and Abolition, 20, 3 (December 1999), 96-105 Costanzo, Angelo. Surprising Narrative: Olaudah Equiano and the Beginnings of Black Biography. New York: Greenwood P, 1987. Equiano, Olaudah. Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. New York. Modern Library. 1789. Slattery, Katherine. â€Å"The Igbo People – Origins and History.† November 1999. Queen’s University of Belfast. April 2005. http://www.qub.ac.uk/en/imperial/nigeria/origins.htm.

Television Violence :: essays research papers

Violence and Television In today’s society, television violence is shaping the way our children behave, making them prone to violence and abuse as they get older. Living in a world where the majority of our entertainment is television, it is very likely that we would become more immune to the physical and damaging acts of damaging force committed. Violence is all over our media but mostly on the TV. Parents should monitor what their children are watching closely, so that their behavior does not become more destructive at; even at the age of 5. History shows that some of the first violent acts were noticed in the 1950’s. They say that even back then a lot of television was filled with destructive acts. From talking to my grandparents television was not as much of a necessity as we believe it to be today. Being the society that has to be entertained around the clock, we just do not think about what is going into our children’s heads. It seems to affect children more, because their behavior patterns are still developing, and are very vulnerable, and we don’t want them to develop into what they see on TV. Children who watch television a lot of the time become less aware to the pain and suffering of other people around them. If they are always in front of the tube, and just sit there, and soak in all of that bad stuff they are seeing, they become not as aware as they should be. When terrible acts of violence happen in the children’s life that do watch a lot of TV, they are not as aroused by the acts going on in front of them. It is not as disturbing as it would be for a child who does not watch a lot of violent television. A study was shown that a child who had watched a violent television show such as The Power Rangers, rather than a nonviolent show like My Little Pony, were slower getting involved when they saw a younger child getting beat up or playing destructively. Instead of children taking action, or getting involved if they are old enough, they are more fearful of the things going on around them. If a child watches a lot of violence, when a violent or destructive situation came up they might be afraid to take action. They could be fearful that they would get hurt. Television Violence :: essays research papers Violence and Television In today’s society, television violence is shaping the way our children behave, making them prone to violence and abuse as they get older. Living in a world where the majority of our entertainment is television, it is very likely that we would become more immune to the physical and damaging acts of damaging force committed. Violence is all over our media but mostly on the TV. Parents should monitor what their children are watching closely, so that their behavior does not become more destructive at; even at the age of 5. History shows that some of the first violent acts were noticed in the 1950’s. They say that even back then a lot of television was filled with destructive acts. From talking to my grandparents television was not as much of a necessity as we believe it to be today. Being the society that has to be entertained around the clock, we just do not think about what is going into our children’s heads. It seems to affect children more, because their behavior patterns are still developing, and are very vulnerable, and we don’t want them to develop into what they see on TV. Children who watch television a lot of the time become less aware to the pain and suffering of other people around them. If they are always in front of the tube, and just sit there, and soak in all of that bad stuff they are seeing, they become not as aware as they should be. When terrible acts of violence happen in the children’s life that do watch a lot of TV, they are not as aroused by the acts going on in front of them. It is not as disturbing as it would be for a child who does not watch a lot of violent television. A study was shown that a child who had watched a violent television show such as The Power Rangers, rather than a nonviolent show like My Little Pony, were slower getting involved when they saw a younger child getting beat up or playing destructively. Instead of children taking action, or getting involved if they are old enough, they are more fearful of the things going on around them. If a child watches a lot of violence, when a violent or destructive situation came up they might be afraid to take action. They could be fearful that they would get hurt.

Simulation Reflective Journal

Simulation Reflective Journal Look back We were four in our group and we were given a scenario of a patient who was having an anaphylactic reaction from bee sting venom. The group agreed that I will be the primary nurse. As the primary nurse, I knew that I had to lead and supervised our group in responding to the emergency situation at hand. Having played the role of a primary nurse in this simulation, I have gained meaningful experience, which I can use in my future nursing practice. Elaborate Being the primary nurse, I assigned each of my group members to a specific task. I assigned one colleague to assess the vital signs of the patient. In the scenario there were two medications that should be administered to the patient, the epinephrine and another anti-histamine drug, so I assigned two persons to prepare it. There was a delay in the administration of epinephrine since there were two epinephrine pre-filled automatic injections in the medication box. The person I assigned to it was confused which of the two will be used, so she asked me which one will be used. I’m not really sure what to answer, so I just told her to select the latest one and inject it immediately. Unfortunately the person who will administer the epinephrine did not know how to use the pre-filled automatic injection and neither did I. It took us sometimes to figure out how to inject it. As for the other medication, it was not stated in the scenario when to inject it. The person in-charge of preparing the medication also asked me when to inject it and again I’m not sure what to answer. I told her to wait for a few minutes before injecting it. I belatedly remember that in case of doubts, this matter should be referred to the doctor. Analyze The simulation has made me realized how crucial the role of the primary nurse during emergency situation. One must be thoroughly trained and must possess critical thinking skill before becoming a primary nurse since being the leader, members of the team tend to seek guidance to promote efficient nursing care. As a primary nurse in this simulation my colleagues addressed questions to me about the medications that are critical to the patient’s survival. My answers were not decisive which reflect my weak critical thinking skill. For example, when it comes to medication administration, in instances where things are not clear, it should always be referred to the doctor which in this case I belatedly remembered. Nurses should also make sure that they knew how to use all the equipment that is used in the nursing care. In a medical emergency situation, every second counts. In the simulation, epinephrine administration was delayed since the nurse did not know how to use the automatic injection. Over-all the simulation had a significant impact to my learning process. Revise For the next simulation, I am hoping that I have improved my critical thinking skills in nursing to effectively perform whatever role I will have. Moreover, since simulations are actual situations in real life clinical settings that are being played out by the students, I will research on applicable evidenced based nursing intervention and applied it during the simulation. Applying this type of intervention during the simulation will reinforce my knowledge of effective nursing intervention and will enable me to acquire a more meaningful experience that could be applied in actual clinical setting. I will also try my very best to find out what possible equipment will be used in carrying out nursing care for a given clinical setting that will be simulated aside from the equipment being used in assessing routine vital signs so that I could learn in advance how to use it. New Trial Experience gained from this simulation is very useful in my clinical practice and future nursing practice. It was instilled in my mind that appropriate nursing training and critical thinking skill is a must in any clinical setting in order to deliver efficient nursing care. In this regard I will honed my nursing skills through readings and diligent practice and apply it in actual clinical setting, I will discuss with the instructor, relevant observations in clinical practice to acquire thorough understanding of the patient’s situation in order to identify and apply evidenced based nursing intervention.

Seven Wonders

About a hundred years after the Statue of Zeus came the Temple of Artemis. It was built in the ancient city of Ephesus, or modern day Turkey. The architect Theodorus probably built the incredible temple, and he most likely did so to honor the Greek Goddess of the Moon, Artemis. Tragically, a man named Herostratus set the Temple of Artemis on fire along with a group of Goths in an attempt to have his name go down in history. He managed to do so and city officials tried to enforce a new law stating that if any one citizen of Ephesus mentioned his name, they would receive the death penalty; the attempt failed. All of religion at this point declined because Artemis did not protect her temple. The structure as well as the story is terrific. Measuring about three hundred feet by one hundred fifty feet, and the one hundred twenty seven columns each having a heighth of about sixty feet, one can easily see how the Temple of Artemis' means of construction are a complete mistery. Theodorus built the columns so that they had proportions to the human body. Aside from that, it was completed around 440 B. C. and took approximately one hundred twenty years to build. Such strenuous man labor classify this temple as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Contemporary to the Temple of Artemis was the Mausoleum, which was located in Halicarnassus, or present day Turkey. It all began when Mausolus took over with Artemisia. In 353 B. C. , Mausolus died, leaving his wife Artemisia, who was also his sister, incredibly depressed. In honor of Mausolus, she decided to build him the â€Å"most splendid tomb in the known world. † The Mausoleum surprisingly managed to remain intact after over sixteen centuries. It went through many hardships and risky situations, one being the reign of Alexander the Great, and yet somehow never fell apart. It did, however, eventually collapse when a severe sequence of earthquakes passed in the fifteenth century. Unlike the other â€Å"Wonders of the World,† this building did not rely on size, but rather on beauty to catch the eyes of modern people. That is to say, the Mausoleum was so beautiful and unique that it became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Civil Rights in the 1960’s Essay

Have you ever sat down and wondered to yourself, what it would be like if schools, restrooms, restaurants, and even public transportation were still segregated today? The majority of people who were born after the 1970’s take for granted how lucky we are as a country and nation to have overcome slavery and the steps against racism we have battled are way through. Slavery was ended when Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and was later ratified in December of 1865. Though this law ordered the end to slavery it did very little if nothing to stop the racism that was given towards blacks or any other minority. Until the late 1950’s not many presidents or Congressman had tried to legislate civil rights laws. The Civil Rights struggle that heated up to its climax in the 1960’s was neither a simple nor wanted task by any means. Many Presidents tried taking on the civil rights movement starting with Harry S. Truman. Truman was not for racial equality among blacks and often said so, but he wanted fairness and equality before the law (Patterson 378-382). Once Truman got the ball rolling for the first time since Abraham Lincoln, Truman pushed for a Civil Rights bill and the movement quickly started to escalate and it became one of the main issues of American politics. The next man to take office was John F Kennedy; Kennedy acted as though he had plans to address civil rights issues and is known for saying â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you†¦ask what you can do for your country† in his inaugural address( ). Kennedy’s plans were never met in his short time as president due to assignation in 1963. Kennedy dying meant Lyndon Johnson was the next president to take president and her went on to make the next big civil rights legislation when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was established. It took the support of millions and the lives of thousands for our country to realize that people should not be segregated because of their ethnicity or color of their skin. One of the first and largest groups of civil rights movement supporters was young people and in particular college students. A college student in 1963 saw a very different daily landscape than a current college student sees today. Today kids grow up side by side with minority kids throughout their daily lives; back then they might have been the lucky few and grown up looking at blacks as equals, but more than likely they viewed them as inferiors, or even just plain animals. Then these young racists knew know better and went away to College and found themselves in one of the first places you could find support of the civil rights movement. There are many reasons to why the ball picked up speed so fast at universities. The first reason being the young people of the 60’s had not lived alongside slaves or indentured servants nor did they see the great depression or WW2 as had many of their parents and politicians of the times, so they had a different view on racism. The young people of the 60’s were viewed by the older generations specially those of the south, as being soft for not having to deal with the hardships they had to such as the great depression and the World Wars ( ). Instead of going to work before graduating high school like people in the1920’s and 1930’s people were graduating high school and even getting jobs. This caused for a more educated and affluent generation which usually runs along with having certain moral standings such as treating people of a different race equally to people of your own. With a generation bigger than ever before and more people going to college than ever before it caused for a huge explosion of self-freedom. There was many different ways students would show there want of freedom (Patterson 407-408). A very common practice in the 1960’s was for blacks and fellow college students to have sit-in’s at all white diners or transportation places. These sit-ins consisted of a group or single African American going in and taking a seat where only whites are allowed to sit and refuse to leave. Hundreds of sit-ins occurred around the nation and many taking place on university campuses run by students themselves. Several of these sit-ins are famed for the effectiveness they afterwards achieved and others for the violence that was caused upon the protestors (Patterson 382-386).The most famous case is the story of Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks was on a public bus in the racist Montgomery, Alabama when the bus driver asked her to give her colored seat to a white man, because the white section was full. Rosa refused to get out of her seat and it resulted in her getting arrested. Rosa was not the first African American to refuse leaving her seat for a white person but she was viewed by th e NAACP as the best case to fight in court.( ) In the famous words of Jesse Jackson, â€Å"In many ways, history is marked as ‘before’ and ‘after’ Rosa Parks. She sat down in order that we all might stand up, and the walls of segregation began to come down( ).The support of white students to follow fellow African American students to sit-ins was not always there. Local and national news stations started to air live footage of what was happening on the streets to protestors of segregation. The emotion put on a young college student when they see one of their peers that attend college to get an education just like them gets blasted with a fire hose from ten feet away or gets viciously attacked by police dogs. This picture caused thousands of other students to want to fight for change as well. Along with the new access to live feed news there were people such as Martin Luther King Jr. who were doing all they could to paint the realistic picture of the life of an American black man during segregation. Luther got his point across in multiple ways including his famous memoir, â€Å"Why We Can’t Wait†, in this memoir he explains how horrible the everyday life of an African American in America can be and how politicians for years have just looked over the horrific treatment of blacks and that it has been too long and the time is now(King Jr 11-13). Besides the sit-ins occurring across the nation African Americans and whites were also organizing marches to protest segregation as well. Along with the marches inspiring speeches such as Martin Luther King’s famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech were given. King’s 17 minute speech that was given in front of over 250,000 Americans on the steps of Lincoln Memorial, is one of the most well-known and moving speeches in American history(Patterson385-386). A large number of the people in the crowd were college students, due to the appeal Martin Luther King drew from young people. He gained this appeal by talking of equality of races and the chance for any man or woman to become whatever they pleased and not be held back due to race, religion or any other difference a person may have. While students saw the abuse blacks were taking simply for the color of their skin they started to join together on marches and attending civil rights rallies. The more the King, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and many others protested and spread the word of unfair treatment the more support of younger generation people began to support the civil rights movement. Another reason for the large involvement of college students within the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was due to the dramatically growing amount of student organized groups that were fighting for true democracy and equality to all. One of these organizations was the Students for Democratic Society (SDS). SDS was founded in 1960 but had roots dating to the early 1900’s; the goal of SDS was to mainly protest and voice the message that equality to all and peaceful means makes a successful country ( ). SDS was not the only organization that was taking big steps to get the civil rights movement moving, there were hundreds if not thousands of organizations that were meeting about and protesting the civil rights movement. These groups were known for telling young people what they wanted to hear and some even became militant groups. Membership in these organizations grew drastically once Lyndon Johnson started sending more and more troops into Vietnam. The Vietnam War itself had little impact on the civil rights movement of the United States, but it did however portray the world image that America was not going to let communistic governments take control of countries and deny their own people of civil rights. Many Americans did not agree with the war and saw it was neither the time nor the place to go and fight a war on foreign soil when the devastating effects of WW2 were still in the back of people’s minds. The largest critic of the war was overwhelming young people, they saw themselves as the ones being sent to die for a reason that was not worthy of American lives. Though segregation and a war in Asia seem to have little in common on the surface, during the reform of the 1960’s they found each other going hand in hand. Many African Americans of the United States believed that if we were fighting in a foreign country to reserve their people’s civil rights, then they would soon get their civil rights protected as well. They were mistaken and by this and the huge support of the anti-war movement and the animosity growing against the current segregation laws molded into one giant movement. This movement being carried by young people, who saw the possibility of change, carried throughout the nation and became the biggest civil rights movement in American history since abolishing slavery (Patterson 413-422). Now that we have an idea of what growing up with segregation looks like and how it can split a nation in two, I think I can say that joining the activist movement when it began in the 1960’s was almost a no brainer to many young people of that generation. They had a tremendous amount of pressure from their fellow black peers to be viewed as equals, they had an unwanted war fueling a large part of the country, and they were also a generation that believed in change and ending the horrible acts that were committed under segregation. With all the pressures from outside sources and the generation as a whole going through a freedom crisis, college students came together and became the perfect torch barrier’s for the civil rights movement.

Conflict and war are inevitable in life

We are going to be discussing â€Å"Conflict and war are inevitable in life.† First of all, you cannot imagine a world without conflict and war as they are happening every day. Human beings are prone to conflict and war. War and peace are like Ying and Yang. They are combined and nothing can separate it. Needless wars occur around the world endlessly. Conflicts which are occurring now are: 1. Riots e.g: In Egypt. According to the BBC website, over 100 people have been killed due to the riots. You can disagree by saying† however, the police in Egypt are controlling the riots and rioters begin to decrease by each day according to the BBC. This shows that conflicts can be resolved is not inevitable.† 1. Our fellow teachers, like our Mr Harland are going on strike this Wednesday due to their pensions. This is out of the context however this is still a way of causing troubles in our society. â€Å"They are doing this because if they don’t they won’t be able to survive anymore. It won’t be fair on them would it?† Let’s think back a few years. Racism was very common in the United States and in many parts of Europe. Conflict and wars were created due to racism. People had to suffer in order to survive. Americans used coloured people (black) as slaves to do their bidding. This was inevitable in life! Yes it was a tragedy however that too has been resolved. People change their ways to a greater good. Rosa Parks was an extraordinary example. She stood up towards the white people and due to this, racism was soon abolished. So if it wasn’t for Rosa Parks, would racism have gone even further? Would I be sitting here having this discussion? Wars also occurred and are still occurring in around the globe. For example 1. Afghanistan. The British have to assist as well which endangers many soldiers and innocent people who did not want any of this to occur. All this happened because of one man. (Gadaffi). We are still trying to maintain peace around the world by assisting those in need. However, isn’t helping in the war going to increase the number of battles fought and how many more should have to die? I have also heard that the war in Sri Lanka has ended and people are rebuilding their lives. Wars get created and solved all the time. The Ultimate goal of war and conflict in my opinion is because of jealousy towards a person or people and for the satisfaction of human needs. Even in Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony and Octavius go up against Brutus and Cassius in a needless war. Why should people have to die without any cause or reason? This is exactly why war and conflict are inevitable in life.

Module 5 case assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 5 case - Assignment Example The new strategies aim at eliminating promotion of products and focuses on selling the recognized brands. The promotion based pricing strategy was initially adopted by the company but latter the company undertook mark-up pricing strategy which made room for promotional discounts. However, the new everyday pricing strategy helped the company to set prices at a lower range and eliminated the need for higher sales price. There are several changes in the pricing structure of the company as the prices no longer ended in decimal number such as $9.99 etc rather whole figures are used for the products. The price tags of the products employed only one price and did not print the retailing price of the manufacturers. This trend of printing the retailing price in the product provided greater comparison pertaining to the amount of product that should be sold. The retailer has made important changes in assorting merchandise (Hess, 2011). The company focused on its mini-stores within larger ones and evaluated that the mini-stores are selling higher than the larger one. The new pricing strategy never gained any attention and thus it is unsuccessful in making any change to the situation. The consumers are not happy with the pricing strategies and the sales of the company declined steadily as time passed. The company encountered a loss of $3.3 billion in the first year of sales of Johnson plan. The amount increased as it approached the second year. The annual revenue of the company in 2011 declined 25% a sharp decline after 1987 (Henricks, 2010). As a result of the decline the CEO announced that the company will not use the everyday pricing strategy anymore and would return to the previous coupons and discounts and would focus on advertised sales (Henricks, 2010; Hill, 2010). 1) Everyday pricing is not correctly executed by the company as it sells many products and does not concentrate on a unique one. Everyday pricing is

The untouchable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The untouchable - Essay Example It seems that in the story, Anand tried to give Bakha, the protagonist, a glimpse of hope for change. An example is when Bakha tried to wear some trousers just as the kind British Tommies that he worked for. Bakha for a moment believed that he could be better than his fellow outcasts; he was "possessed with an overwhelming desire to live their life" (Anand 11). At this part of the story, we could see how the main character actually had imagined, or perhaps had such a motivation to actually be someone other than an untouchable. Seeing how kind the Tommies actually treated him made him feel that he is not just another useless person in the world. But such dream is immediately dispersed when his community mocked his appearance. Through out the story we can see Bhaka’s struggle and his silent rebellion. His complex character continues to evolve as he tries his best to find for other possible alternatives to remove his undesirable disgrace. He was given three possible choices to re move his untouchable status, first was to become a Christian, but he did not understand the â€Å"idea of being called a sinner† (130) nor did he grasp the idea of confessing his sins.

Obedience to Authority and How It is Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obedience to Authority and How It is Evil - Essay Example This essay analyzes how following authority produces evil. Obedience to authority results in evil in the stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"The Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas,† because of appearance of convention, cowardice, and ordinariness of violence. Convention and law are common sources of authority, which many people can follow mindlessly, however evil their outcomes may be. In â€Å"The Lottery,† Old Man Warner stresses that the lottery cannot be removed, simply because it has always been done: â€Å"There's always been a lottery† (Jackson). Furthermore, he emphasizes the saying: â€Å"Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon† (Jackson). It does not matter if this ritual results to the suffering of one person, since the society focuses on its â€Å"positive† outcomes. In "The Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas,† people believe that in order to maintain the joy and wealth of Omelas, they have to preserve a â€Å"child's abominable m isery† (LeGuin). Omelas has made it a law to never let the child out, because it will result to the loss of â€Å"prosperity and beauty and delight† of Omelas (LeGuin). Some residents feel the injustice of this law, but the majority follows its law nonetheless. Simply obeying authority is a form of cowardice, which results to evil too.

Employee Retention in the fast Food Industry Assignment

Employee Retention in the fast Food Industry - Assignment Example According to the paper, presently, variations in trade agreements, technology, global economics and any other such factors are directly affecting employer/employee relationships. For quite some time loyalty has been the basis for that relationship. Losing very talented employees may be very disadvantageous to the future success of the company. Outstanding employees of a company may leave because they are underpaid, dissatisfied or unmotivated, therefore, trying to retain them is likely to present many challenges to the organization. Such employees may demand higher wages; they may fail to comply with the directions of managers, fail to comply with practices of the organization, or not interact well with their colleagues. The organization’s desire to retain such employees may be further complicated by information asymmetry because lack of enough information may not help the organization to differentiate productive employees from unproductive ones. Workers frequently take credit for other employees’ success and deflect failures to others. Thus, employees may be punished or awarded for outcomes that they are not part of. Inadequate information regarding performance of employees may result in adverse selection, outstanding ones may leave, and abysmal ones may stay. The situation is likely to occur when exceptional workers are not rewarded and both productive and nonproductive ending up with the same or almost the same compensation package. The problem of keeping outstanding workers in the company is further complicated due to bounded rationality. This results due to information asymmetry because workers do not know the information to provide and the managers do not know what information to ask from their employees.

Human Resource Management & Information Management (MBA) pro 8 Essay

Human Resource Management & Information Management (MBA) pro 8 - Essay Example One of the solutions is motivating the employees. This is the best way to deal with this problem. Motivating the employees is the act of making them feel important and needed in an organization. This is a challenge for the managers but once it is implemented, great changes can be observed in the organization (Brewster & Harris, 1999). When employees are motivated, they always produce quality work. This is because they are seen as important stakeholders of an organization. This leads to the success of an organization since they are also able to keep good relations with the customers. Every employee is happy when their work is appreciated thus they even try harder which is very important in an organization. It also helps in retaining the employees in the organization for a longer period. When the HRM department is able to motivate the employees in the organization, productivity levels increase. In a case where the employees are allowed to air their suggestions, the organization really develops. This is because the employees have some experiences and they always suggest for what will best benefit the organization (Brewster & Harris,

Application project 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Application project 1 - Essay Example Advertising actually can help them to choose the right thing. How otherwise you would learn what toothpaste to choose. Do you have enough time and money to try all the products? Moreover, new products appear daily, and the task of advertisement is to inform buyers of these changes and improvements. That is why advertising helps you to buy exactly what you need. Speaker 1: Or it helps you to buy what you did not need at all and, moreover, could not afford, but advertisement made you buy it! That is what I am talking about. Before Apple appearance nobody thought that telephones can be a part of image, and nobody would believe that a schoolgirl can save money for lunches to buy IPhone just because she believes that it will make her look cooler in the eyes of her peers. And that is due to advertising which does not inform but persuades buyers with psychological mechanisms. That is consumerism, when people stop choosing consciously but get under the influence of the power of brand which is created with the help of advertisement. Speaker 2: Look, market has appeared as soon as the civilization appeared. Before Internet and TV era people were selling their products with the help of bright signs which were substituted by TV and Internet commercials. It is a simple evolution. And nevertheless people bought the products which appealed to them most and were relevant to their understanding of quality. The girl with IPhone watches the rest of the telephones` ads, and has a free choice which one to buy. It is just that Apple sells products of high quality that are a little bit expensive for students, but the interdependence between quality and price is absolutely normal. Speaker 1: I understand your point, but the thing is that before bright commercials people did not realize how many things they need! Have you seen these ads of cosmetics, clothes, gadgets with young and gorgeous models? Advertising makes people think that

Law business organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law business organisation - Essay Example They eventually registered their business as private limited company on May 1 with Charlie, Edwin and Adam becoming the sole shareholders and directors. The initial assets of the company are: (i) the building Charlie sold to the company at 200,000 pound; (ii) the computer and printer Edwin bought from Computer Galore Ltd. On May 15, a payment request was received from Plumbers Mate Ltd for payment of the debt incurred by Adam for himself on March 15 (before their business was registered). Plumbers Express Ltd went into insolvent liquidation in August due to bad management. The current liabilities of the company include the payment to: (i) the solicitors; (ii) Computer Galore Ltd and Plumbers Mate Ltd; (iii) Charlie’s building that was sold. ... These issues include but are not restricted to: (i) settling all past financial obligations (contracts and debts) the company has incurred before the liquidation; (ii) holding regular meetings with the creditors with the hope of providing them the latest information about the company’s progress; (iii) and, continuing the company’s business activities (s. 134 (5)).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Liquidator and Plumbers Mate Ltd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The liquidator is not expected to be concerned with any financial obligation or contract any of the three plumbers, namely Charlie, Edwin, and Adam may have had before the company was formed on May 1. In other words, Plumbers Mate Ltd should not bother the liquidator to pay for the services offered to Adam before the company was established. This realization absolves the liquidator of any financial payment to Plumbers Mate Ltd, and Adam should be duly informed to pay up his debt with the Plumbers Mate Ltd.   Although, it is not indicated in the scenario that the service bought by Adam was later reverted to Plumbers Express Ltd—the new      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3 company, Adam should hold a meeting with liquidator to explain his part in the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Liquidator and the Creditors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is no record in the scenario that Plumber Express Ltd borrowed money directly from any bank or financial institution, but the donation of

Institutions of Globalisation Essay Example for Free

Institutions of Globalisation Essay Firstly, the Institutions of Globalisation must be reformed. Unintentionally, globalisation has come to be governed by several key institutions. Best known are the World Trade Organisation, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. If globalisation is to work for everyone, these institutions must be reformed. They must be made to look after all of the worlds countries, not just those they represent. Secondly, there must be an ending to northern double standards. Developed countries preach free trade, but often fail to practice it. Recently, France, one of the key members in the Doha talks, stubbornly refused to open up its markets and allow in Agricultural imports particularly the cheaply produced goods from the Third World. Generally, the EU taxes Third World exports and dumps its subsidised products in developing country markets, destroying local livelihood. When new WTO rules are drawn up, they usually reflect the balance of power within the organisation, therefore benefiting the richer countries. Certain kinds of subsidies are often permitted in the North but banned in the South. Rich countries must help poor countries by promoting economic growth that is equitable and environmentally sustainable; they must help developing countries build effective government systems and promote health and education for their people; and must use new technology to share skills and knowledge with developing countries. Rich countries can work with developing countries to put in place policies that will attract private financial flows and minimise the risk of capital flight. They can fight to strengthen the global financial system, encourage international co-operation on investment, competition and tax that promotes the interests of developing countries, support an open and rules-based international trading system, and work to promote equitable trade rules and an effective voice for developing countries. A vital step is to support continuing reductions in barriers to trade, both in developed and developing countries, and work to improve the capacity of developing countries to take advantage of new trade opportunities. By strengthening developing countries capacity to participate in international negotiations, lesser-developed and emerging economies will have the chance to reap the full benefits of globalisation. Unfair trade sanctions were one of the drivers for the establishment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), now known as the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Debt relief would be a major factor which could reduce marginalisation. Poor countries are currently paying million of dollars back to rich countries millions which they cannot afford. Debt relief can take the form of cancellation, rescheduling, refinancing or re-organisation of debt. The Debt Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries is a well-known current example. Through Jubilee 2000, many non-government organisations (NGOs) from around the world campaigned for one-off cancellation of the unpayable debts of the worlds poorest countries by the end of 2000. There are particular responsibilities placed on developed countries. It would be pointless to pour millions of pounds worth of trade and aid into poor countries only to then impose trade sanctions and unfair subsidies. All policies, of developing countries, developed countries, international institutions and society, must be consistent with a commitment to sustainable development and reducing poverty. Poor countries need to be given the chance to be heard. Open and effective global institutions are needed where they can fight for their interests on a more equal level. The UK government is committed to help eliminate world poverty, and to co-operate with other governments and international institutions as part of a broader international effort. Three years ago the government published its first White Paper on International Development Targets3, which focused on the reduction of abject poverty4 in the world. The targets, which include a reduction by 50% in the number of people living in extreme poverty by 2015, and progress towards gender equality and empowerment of women by 20055, are supported by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the EU, and the OECD, as well as many heads of states. Although the targets are challenging, leaders believe that if the correct national and international policies are implemented, the targets will be achieved. It is pointed out, however, that progress is dependent on national governments in all countries strengthening commitment to reduce poverty to ensure that all countries benefit and that some are not missed out. The UK government believes that the benefits of globalisation for poor countries substantially outweigh the costs, especially in the longer term. The rapid integration of the global economy, combined with advances in technology, is creating unprecedented global prosperity, which has helped to life millions out of poverty. With the correct policies put into place, many millions more stand to benefit in the years ahead. CONCLUSION We have seen that poor countries that are able to increase their participation in the global economy have higher growth rates, faster poverty reduction, and more rapid increases in education. It is vital that poor countries are able to integrate into the world economy in ways that reduce, not increase, inequality and poverty. Reform of global institutions have a key part to play in this. However, the first and perhaps most important step for globalisation to benefit all in the future is for rich countries to open their protected markets to the poor, which should help to reduce world poverty and inequality. Poor countries with around 3 billion people have broken into the global market for manufactured goods and services. Whereas 20 years ago most exports from developing countries were primary commodities, now manufactured goods and services dominate. This successful integration has generally supported poverty reduction. Examples can be found in China, India, Bangladesh and Vietnam. The new globalisers have experienced large-scale poverty reduction; during the 1990s the number of their people who were poor declined by 120 million. Integration would not have been feasible without a wide range of domestic reforms covering governance, the investment climate, and social service provision. But it also required international action, which provided access to foreign markets, technology and aid. One of the most disturbing global trends of the past 2 decades is that countries with around 2 billion people are in danger of becoming marginal to the world economy. Incomes in these countries have been falling, poverty has been rising, and they participate less in trade today than they did 20 years ago. It is easy to see that globalisation is not a force that can be ignored. It is all around us, in every aspect of our lives. Within countries, globalisation has not, on average, affected inequality. The rapid growth in the new globalisers can be a political opportunity for redistribution policies that favour the poor. Promoting education, particularly for poor people, is equalising, improves health standards and enhances the productivity growth that is the main engine of poverty reduction. There will, however, without a doubt, be winners and losers in each society. Good social protection policies can be a key factor in helping people prosper in this more dynamic environment. It appears that the solution to the problems, that especially countries such as China and Africa seem to be facing, is not the halting of the globalisation process, but the opposite. The expansion of free trade to include the developing countries in Africa and China and elsewhere It appears that these countries are not poor because of globalisation, but in large part because this globalisation has passed them by. The road ahead seems not to lie in the reduction, or remodelling of globalisation but the expansion thereof, and expansion to include the areas in the world which globalisation has so far been passing by. The 49 least developed countries account for nearly 11% of the worlds population, but only 0. 4% of the worlds exports and that small percentage has been falling. Wage levels differ between countries according to the levels of education and productivity. The experience in countries like Korea is that as countries develop, their wage levels rise and the focus of their industry shifts from labour intensive to more capital and knowledge intensive industries. Globalisation creates unprecedented new opportunities and risks. If the poorest countries can be drawn into the global economy and get increasing access to modern knowledge and technology, it could lead to a rapid reduction in global poverty as well as bringing new trade and investment opportunities for all. But if this is not done, the poorest countries will become more marginalised, and suffering and division will grow. In order to make globalisation work for the poor we need not just strong and vibrant private sectors, but also effective governments and strong and reformed international institutions. Governments and institutions need to work collectively to tackle the problems of conflict and corruption, boost investment in education and health, spread the benefits of technology and research, strengthen the international financial system, reduce barriers to trade, tackle environmental problems and make development assistance more effective. It is clear that openness is a necessary but not sufficient condition for prosperity. No developed country is closed. The poor countries that have been most successful in closing the gap are those which have opened up their economies to world markets in order to build strong export sectors and attract inward investment. However, the majority believes that the future of Globalisation is bright. Even September was a remarkable positive month, especially in the US. The country has recently signed new agreements with Jordan and Vietnam; and negotiations to bring China into the World Trade Organisation look close to a deal. The new trade rounds at Doha promise to deliver liberalisation of agricultural markets, allowing less developed countries the chance to gain a share of these markets and profit accordingly. A breakthrough at Doha just as the world economy appears to be entering its worst slowdown in a generation could be a hugely symbolic victory for those proposing further trade liberalisation. Globalisation in the future is inevitable. However, it is agreed on all accounts that in order for it to benefit as many people as possible, changes must be made. Those institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, as well as individual governments, must all make vital changes in order to better prospects for everyone in the future. To conclude, global economic integration has supported poverty reduction and should not be reversed. But the world economy could be and should be much more inclusive. The growth of global markets must not continue to bypass 2 billion people. The rich countries can do a lot, both through aid and trade policies, to help the currently marginalised countries onto the path of integration that has already proved to effective for the new globalisers. BIBLIOGRAPHY CAFOD Briefing  www.globalisationguide.org