Fully Explain How Advertising Can Affect Profits in...

This essay is going to examine how advertising strategies used in different market structures affects profits of the firms. This essay is being written based on Advertising, an article by Geoff Stewart, in which he examines â€Å"how do firms determine their advertising strategy†. In this article he uses Monopolies as an example of a non-competitive market and Oligopolies as an example of competitive markets, so in this essay Monopolies and Oligopolies will also be used as examples. However other competitive markets include perfect competition and monopolistic competition. A Monopoly is a market structure characterised by one firm and many buyers, a lack of substitute products and barriers to entry (Pass et al. 2000). An oligopoly is a†¦show more content†¦To help explain how profits are made through advertising in a competitive market Stewart uses game theory. Game theory is a technique that uses logical deduction to explore the consequences of various strategies that might be adopted by competing game players (Collins, 2000). Table 1 (Stewart, 2005) is a simple view of two firms that have to choice of advertising or not advertising, if both firms were to advertise there profit would be 1, if one to was to advertise and the other didn’t then the firm who is advertising will get a profit of 3 and the one not advertising will get 0, if they both don’t advertise then they will both make a profit of 2. It is in the interest of the firms to advertise however because there is the possibility of them making more profits than not adv ertising. The choice to advertise is the firms dominant strategy and firms will always go for their dominant strategy. Table 2 (Stewart, 2005) is used to describe how advertising in a market may increase demand in the market rather than market share. It is still in the firms’ interest to carry out their dominant strategy in this case however it also maximises joint profit in this case. This shows that in a strategic setting, firms profit maximising actions may, but will not necessarily generate profit maximising outcomes (Stewart, 2005). In conclusion it can be seen that advertising in a monopoly is an effective way to increase profits. ThisShow MoreRelatedMarketing in Hospitality by Quynh Anh3216 Words   |  13 PagesService Industry Context 1.1define and Explain the Concept of Marketing A concept is the general scheme or formation of something and marketing is the way in which a produce is moved by means of a channel to reach its target audience. Marketing idea is the attitude which encourages firms to center on their consumers’ desires. This is by examining their wants and making efficient choices that suit those requirements in an enhanced way than the competition. 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Renovate the stadium ($ 1 m) Key A decision node A probability node Discounted option [5 to 6 marks] The decision tree is accurately constructed and fully labelled. All calculations are correct with one minor errorRead MoreOrganizational Culture and Environment5941 Words   |  24 Pages(which was launched on 4th December 2007) which attracted more customers. o It is affordable by the common man (not only the elite class). o Ufone was the first cellular Company in Pakistan that introduced the service of GPRS and hence took the competitive advantage. o Ufone has some exciting and energetic SMS packages that made SMS almost free. They are offering Rs. 25, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs. 150 SMS packages which its subscribers are in love with. o Ufone has some very exciting and low call packagesRead MorePepsico17225 Words   |  69 PagesPolices ,Values amp;Statements | 10 | VII. Social Responsibility | 13 | VIII. Financial Analysis | 15 | i. Liquidity Ratios | 15 | ii. Activity Ratios | 16 | iii. 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At what level of the control variable are net benefits maximized? Net Benefit is also profit. The formula for this is MB = MC. As seen in the table completed above, after applying the formula then net benefit is maximized where Q = 106. b. What is the relation between marginal benefit and marginal cost at this level of the control variable

Public Opinion On Youth Violence And The Increment Of...

Despite negative public opinion regarding youth violence and the increment of youth offences, the Canadian judiciary has unequivocally supported the rehabilitative and re-integrative approach of the YCJA in plethora of cases discussed below. The situation is fostered because this rehabilitative approach seems to be uniformly shared amongst most of the provinces, notably, in less violent cases or violent cases involving first time offenders. However, sentencing has mostly differed in cases involving serious violent offences like murder etc. especially because of the existence of youth prior records relating to violent offences along with psychological assessment on the probabilities of recidivism. These factors support incarceration as†¦show more content†¦Section 39(1) (a) of the YCJA, which represents one of the four gateways to a custodian sentence, provides that â€Å"[a] youth court shall not commit a young person to custody unless†¦ (a) the young person has commit ted a violent offence.† The Court of Appeal, in a separate decisions, upheld both the sentences, holding that the sentencing judges did not err when they determined that C.D.’s arson to property offence and C.D.K’s dangerous driving offence were â€Å"violent offences† within the meaning of s. 39(1) (a). While allowing the appeal, and appreciating the fact that the term â€Å"violent offence† has a spectrum of meanings and that it can be applied to property as well as to persons, held, that in the context of YCJA the term â€Å"violent offence† should be narrowly construed. The Court based its decision on the object and scheme of the YCJA, and the intention of the Parliament in enacting the same. The Court observed â€Å"that the YCJA was designed, in part, to reduce over-reliance on custodial sentences for young offenders. Moreover, where two interpretations affect the liberty of an accused, the one more favourable to the accused should be adopted. A narrow interpretation of â€Å"violent offence† means that the definition must exclude pure property crimes. The Court further noted that a harm-based definition of â€Å"violent offence† is preferable to a force based definition because it avoids the flaws associated with a

Life Cycle Assessment in Built Environment - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1. As an accountant of the company, you would like to have a better understanding of how the sustainability of the company will impact on the stakeholders. You believe the most efficient way is to identify important stakeholders. Refer to the case and identify five relevant stakeholder groups and discuss how different accounts could be used to satisfy each groups information requirements.2. In order to enhance companys performance, the CEO thinks it might be insufficient to use profit as the only performance indicator, and is considering using a range of key performance indicators to manage the business. You believe the Balanced Scorecard is a useful performance measure framework that can be used, as it gives management an overall picture of companys performance. You have been asked to develop a Balanced Scorecard to assist RTXM in managing its overall companys performance and demonstrate how it works to the management and staff in next company meeting. You need consider ONE of the m ost important metrics that could be used for each of the four perspectives of performance and explain the reason why it has been selected and how it can be used to improve companys performance.3. The CEO believes the company was attractive because of its previous low price strategy but has also noticed unprecedented awareness from customers on the companys social responsibilities. The CEO approaches you to discuss the selection of supplier, which supplier is better for companys strategic development. Provide an explanation to the CEO with reference to the potential costs and benefits of working with both Super Cheap and Green Fashion.4. After your analysis above, the CEO starts realizing the importance of working with social and environmental friendly suppliers, however, still does not have a comprehensive understanding to the positive and negative impact his companys products might have both socially and environmentally. You decide to use the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) for a product that the company offers to enhance their understanding. Draw the LCA, and select one or two stages of the LCA, identifying a total of four possible social and environment impacts. If the impact is detrimental either socially or environmentally, give suggestions to minimize the impact. If the impact is positive, give suggestions as to maximize the benefit. You are required to undertake some research to answer this question.5. Subsequently the company decides to contract with the Green Fashion. Some important shareholders attempted to block this proposal. Their belief, as the owners of this company, is that the company should aim to maximize the value of their shares, however, the new business plan could significantly increase the costs and therefore reduce the profit. You are required to identify an organisation, business or industry and explain whether and how it could potentially increase the value of its shares in the long term by being accountable to its major stakeholders. You are required to undertake some research to answer this question. Answers: Answer 1 The five key stakeholders along with the relevant accounts for satisfying the informational needs are highlighted below (Deegan, 2014). Shareholders The decision regarding supplier can impact the profitability of the company and hence the net worth. As a result, the existing 20 shareholders of the company are stakeholders. The key accounts of importance for the shareholders would be the net profit to begin with but would include metrics related to injuries to workforce (including those of suppliers). Customers Sustainability has become increasingly important for customers who desire to buy goods from manufacturers having ethical practices. As a result, the sourcing decision could impact the preferences of customers making them stakeholders. The sourcing policy along with the metrics related to environment sustainability and consumer complaints refunds are essential. Also, the sales account in terms of price charges would be critical. Government/Professional Bodies Ethical sourcing has become significant ever since the abysmal labour practices followed in the sweat shops have come to light. As a result, there have been agreements in the clothing industry whereby the big brands have taken measures to focus on ethical sourcing. Key account closely watched would relate to the sustainability report, the sourcing policy, employee related injuries along with performance metrics. Suppliers The sourcing policy adhered by the company has a impact on the present as well as potential suppliers in the future. The informational needs can be fulfilled from the sustainability report besides the balance sheet which would indicate the financial strength of the company. Lenders The sustainability practices adopted by the company could impact the lenders owing to potential financial impact of any lapse. In case of sourcing from Bangladesh, there is considerable risk to the business which could increase credit risk. Key accounts would be the sourcing policy, sales, profits along with liquidity indicators (both short term and long term). Answer 2 Balanced scorecard is a tool to ensure that the performance metric of the business are broad based and hence not too much biased towards economic performance. Considering that the balanced scorecard enables the business to focus on other critical aspects such as learning and customer satisfaction, hence this leads to higher sustainability for the business. There are essentially four perspectives namely financial, customer, internal business processes along with learning and growth. The most critical metric for each of these performance dimensions has been outlined below (Adams, Neely and Kennerley, 2007). Financial The two key important metrics would be sales growth along with profit margin. However, the more significant of the two metrics would be profit margins especially considering that the company would go with expensive but green supplier. As a result, the margins in short term could be under pressure and as a result series of cost cutting measures may be initiated by the company whose effectiveness would be captured by this metric. Customer The number of customers complaints received as a percentage of transactions should be the appropriate metric. This becomes significant in the wake of increasing complaints from the customer that the business faces in wake of expansion. Keeping customer complaints under check would enhance the customer satisfaction. Internal business processes The product quality is a critical metric in this regard. The company should aim to bring the damaged or defective goods to less than 0.5% of the total goods manufactured. This would lower the costs related to repair, replacement and quality check and would enhance the overall customer satisfaction along with profitability. Learning and growth The company should aim to improve the online shopping experience as it an area of weakness and has tremendous scope for growth. Also, this would help the business lower down costs and improve operational profitability. A suitable metric could be clicks generated along with conversion rate of clicks. Answer 3 In order to choose between the two suppliers, a cost benefit analysis needs to be performed as indicated below. Supplier 1: Super Cheap Benefits: It would provide a vast array of products desired by the business at very cheap prices in limited time which would help the company enhance the market share and the profitability of business. Higher profitability in turn would lead to creation of wealth for shareholders Costs: Owing to poor past record with regards to sustainability and labour practices, negative publicity can be generated for the company especially in case of any unfortunate incident. This is especially likely in an environment where customers are quite sensitive about social responsibilities of business. The company could potentially invite lawsuits for unethical sourcing involving practices such as child labour which besides financial costs could adversely impact the expanding business. Green Fashions Benefits: The company boasts of ethical practices which the company can promote amongst the customers and hence look to charge premium from the customers. No risk to the reputation in the long run Matching value system and sustainability goals make the relationship sustainable Costs: The associated costs of the products would be higher forcing the company to alter business model and look at other ways to bring down operational costs. Conclusion The preferred choice would be Green Fashions even though in the short run, the company may have to alter the business model to accommodate the higher costs. However, in the long run, the company does not face high risk of reputation and customer loss on account of unethical sourcing. Besides, the common values make the business relationship more sustainable. Answer 4 The various stages of the LCA are highlighted below (Finnveden et. al., 2009). The two stages which have been chosen for this analysis are inventory analysis and impact assessment. In inventory analysis, the focus is on the inputs and the outputs generated. The impact assessment focuses on the effect related to the use of resource and related emissions and classifying the same in different categories of impact (Crawford, 2011). The product can be chosen as a T-shirt. The various social and environment impacts are outlined below (Finnveden et. al., 2009). In case of unethical sourcing (i.e. by choosing suppliers such as Super Cheap), the environment would be damages severely owing to the discharge of the untreated waste directly into rivers. In order to mitigate the same, the company should choose a supplier which minimises waste generation or disposes the same in a responsible manner. Further, pollution of the river could have severe environmental consequences to the marine life which is apparent from Super Cheap practices. In order to mitigate this, it becomes necessary that supplier should comply with environmental norms and ensure that the marine life is not adversely impacted. There are adverse social consequences with regards to various settlements near the polluted water bodies owing to the manufacturing of T-shirts. As a result, they might be required to migrate to another place where drinking water is available. In order to reduce this undesirable effect, the dumping of waste and pollutants in rivers should not be practiced and only such suppliers should be entertained. Further, it is quite possible that these t shirts are produced using child labourers who are employed in sweat shops. This leads to their exploitation and hampers their education growth. For mitigation, it is imperative that a supplier should be chosen that does not use child labour so that this social menace can be discouraged. Answer 5 The clothing industry in the west (whether be it US or UK) is an example of industry which can improve and act in the interest of the majority shareholders so as to create wealth for them in the long run. A key practice which is followed by major players in this industry is outsourcing their cloth manufacturing to South East Asian countries which happen to be major textile manufacturers. One of the key reasons for this outsourcing is the lure of lower costs owing to availability of cheap labour. However, the sub-contractors and contractors in these countries in a bid to further lower costs tend to deploy a sizable amount of child labour. It is estimated by the ILO (International Labour Organisation) that about 170 million children across Asia work as child labour with a predominant share being concentrated in the garment industry (Moulds, 2016). Considering the complexity of the global supply chains, at times the big brands are not aware of such practices at the site of contractor. However, there have been instances in the past when despite being aware of such practices, no concrete action has been taken in order to safeguard their own interest of maximising profitability. However, this goal is not achieved as has been seen from the experience of Nike and Adidas which have faced tremendous implications for running sweat shops for manufacturing of shoes. It is essential that the clothing industry takes a clue from their experience and understand that in the long run, wealth can be generated for the majority shareholders only through sustainable and ethical business practices (Hymann, 2017). Going forward, it is expected that this practice would tend to diminish which would auger well for the cloth industry in the west despite some hiccups on the cost side. References Adams, C.; Neely A. and Kennerley M. (2007)Performance measurement frameworks: a review, 3rd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Crawford, R.H. (2011) Life Cycle Assessment in the Built Environment, 2nd ed., London: Taylor and Francis. Finnveden, G., Hauschild, M.Z., Ekvall, T., Guine, J., Heijungs, R., Hellweq, S., Koehler, A., Pennington, D. and Suh, S. (2009) Recent developments in Life Cycle Assessment, Journal of Environmental Management, 91(1),pp. 1-21 Hymann, Y. (2017) Child Labour in the fashion industry, [Online] Available from: https://goodonyou.eco/child-labour/ [Assessed March 9, 2018] Moulds, J. (2016) Child Labour in the fashion supply chain, [Online] Available from: https://labs.theguardian.com/unicef-child-labour/ [Assessed March 9, 2018]

The Plague Essays (463 words) - Plague, Absurdist Fiction

The Plague The novel that I chose to do this report on was, The Plague, by Albert Camus. It is about a plague that hit the European countries in the middle ages. I chose to describe the literary term of parallelism. Here are some following facts about the story's plot that involve parallelism through the novel. The novel begins at Oran where the plague becomes known. The main character, Dr. Gernard Rieux, is a doctor. In the beginning of the story he finds a dead rat on the floor. Even in those times rats were not found dead on the middle of the floor. This was unusual, but he threw out the rat and forgot about it. Eventually the dead rats began to pile into large masses and burned. Soon after there were some people that got very sick, which made Mr. Rieux very curious. These reports of these ill people and the death of the rats were the beginning of the parallelism for this story. Since Bernard was a doctor he was the first to actually attempt to help one of these sick people. Michael was his first patient in this matter. He was the sickest person that the doctor had ever seen. Michael was pale white and vomited often, he hurt so much from the vomiting that he seemed paralyzed. Mr. Rieux tried to help the man the best that he could, but he ended up dying. Michael was the first person to die of this illness. After his death, many cases of this illness were reported widespread. Again more details of sickness and death, this is the parallelism for this novel. As the reports of sickness and death came to inform Dr. Rieux, he tried to comfort and cure the plagued patients. About ninety percent of the people infected had died. He wanted a stop to this plague. Quickly he linked the rats with the people. He knew that the rats began to get sick before the people did. At this time many people had the plague, except for the Chinese visitors. They never were infected. As the plot moves on death, sickness and the plague are still relevant. He studied their behaviors and everyday tasks and learned that they do something that was never often done in these middle ages. Not many people in these days bathed. The doctor began to notice that the people that bathed never got sick. So he asked all of his, still living patients, to take baths frequently. This proved to be the miracle cure for the people. The doctor asked his other fellow doctors to follow the same practice with their patients. The word was spread and the plague was soon wiped out. So as you can see, the literary term of parallelism was deemed very relevant through the ongoing plot. Death, sickness, and the plague epresented the story's parallelism. Albert Camus made parallelism the main literary term for this novel, given away by the title, The Plague.

French Government essays

French Government essays The modern French government is run very much like the government of the United States. France is a democratic republic that is divided into three branches, the Executive branch, the Legislative branch, and the Judicial branch. The Legislative branch is made up of the Parliament, which like the United States Congress, is divided into two houses. Those being the Senate and the National Assembly. The National Assembly has 577 members and is the more powerful of the two houses, while the Senate has 319 members in this somewhat less influential house. This branch is in charge of passing and repealing laws. The Judicial branch is in charge of the courts, and criminal trials. As in the United States there is the Executive branch, which is headed by the President and Prime Minister. This branch is in charge of carrying out laws and The French government is quite unique, in that during times of a national emergency, such as a war, the President of France has the authority to assume The Local government is divided into twenty-two regions, that are further divided into ninety-five departements, which are again divided into smaller arrondissements which are then divided into communes. There are approximately 36,500 communes in France. The communes are run by mayors appointed by local An interesting fact about the French government, is that we get the expressionsof a left-wing party and a right-wing party from the French Revolution, because at the National Assembly, the radicals would sit on the left, and the ...

Visual Web-Based User Manuals Essay Example

Visual Web Visual Web-Based User Manuals Essay Visual Web-Based User Manuals Essay Essay Topic: Web Visual Web-Based User Manuals Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Techniques Visual web-based user manuals are instructions or user guides on educational websites. Since innovation has enabled online learning, it is important for instructors to employ effective techniques by incorporating basic active learning principles in the website’s special features. The fundamental aspect in this regard is to develop learning objectives that will help the users to identify what they are required to know by the end of the course. Technical resources and pre-existing software must also be put into consideration in the development of an interactive user interface. The instructor should therefore ensure compatibility and convenience to enable easy access by the user and that more information is available. Effectiveness and interactivity is also enhanced by securing commitment of all users such as the students, faculty, administrators and development of portals to link all of them. The use of hyperlinks, online communication and multimedia are effective when lecture contents are integrated with them creatively. The creative use of slideshows, sound, texts and images should be moderated to avoid deviation from the learning objectives. They should also be aligned with instructional design. Hyperlinks will allow the user to navigate through the pages in the educational websites. Video and audio conferencing over the internet, online discussion, emails and chartrooms provide comprehensive online communication with an effective feedback system. The user can ask questions and clarify certain topics to gauge their degree of understanding. Instructors can enhance the leaning process by creating, simple, efficient and attractive web pages. They should also provide opportunities for self-assessm ent, learning that is problem based and self-directed. On implementation, hyperlinks and online communication should be verified and monitored periodically to prevent difficulty in accessing the web-based user manuals. Benefits and Challenges There are several benefits of providing web-based manuals. Multimedia and graphics incorporated in the web-based manuals makes them attractive to the users, hence motivates them to look through and understand. The inclusion of hyperlinks allows for easy and efficient navigation of the web pages. The user is able to access more information on the particular course if techniques of online communication, hyperlinks and multimedia are applied with precision. Visual web-based manuals also have an advantage of larger space for sufficient packaging as compared to paper manual and they reduce tediousness. Challenges include difficulty in using the manuals among some learners, incompatibility with different web browsers and development of effective navigation through hyperlinks. If the user does not have online connectivity, he or she cannot access the manual. Therefore a paper manual must be produced along with the web-based manual and this increases costs.

Limitations of Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Limitations of Freedom - Essay Example This answer will consist of the advantages first, then the disadvantages of being a field slave or house servant. House servants had several advantages. They generally had to do house chores, which were hard, but not dangerous. These chores included, but not limited to, cleaning, dusting, washing, cooking, childcare, and planting gardens for the household’s use. A household servant might have the advantage of eating better than a field slave. They were required to remain cleaner than a field slave. In the wintertime, a house servant was protected somewhat more than a field hand from the weather. Yet, they also had chores outside, such as gathering wood, drawing water, and shoveling snow, but it was not constantly like a field hand. The biggest advantage for a house servant was the opportunity to learn (Kelley and Lewis, 142). When watching young white children, they could play school. Other ways to learn would be if a progressive master allowed a favorite slave the right to read. In the fields, slaves had no opportunity to learn anything but fieldwork or trades. Field slaves had the advantage of being away from whites continuously. Although a white overseer would be in place, but an overseer could supervise hundreds of slaves or have many acres to cover in a day. The best advantage of being a field slave was the opportunity to learn a trade. Field slaves were counted on to fulfill not only all planting, but the maintenance on a farm or in a household. Masonry, carpenters, animal caretaker, and other trades were open to the field slaves. The disadvantages to both types of slaves outnumber the advantages. One disadvantage was house servants came into closer contact with whites. Kelley and Lewis explain â€Å"This meant everything from assignment to petty jobs to insults, spontaneous angry whippings, and sexual assaults†

Environmental Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Environmental Accounting - Essay Example The primary purpose of a traditional financial statement is to provide information solely on the matters which have a material financial impact on the company. As a result, the financial accountants and financial auditors pay attention to environmental issues (typically legal or regulatory) only in cases when the latter, for example, prevent the sale of goods in stock, will make products obsolete, will require major capital expenditure to meet consent levels and so forth (Owen 2004). Such situation seriously complicates the intensively debated problem of incorporating environmental data into financial statements of UK companies. This debate clearly suggests that the published financial statements of UK companies as they are at present may not provide an adequate means of assessing the success of the companies' activities. Increasing globalization of business environment, coupled with growing concern over environmental issues has drawn serious attention to changing the traditional accounting standards to incorporate social and environmental impact of companies' operations. Harmonization of accounting standards to allow the transportability of accounting information and smoother operation of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) has become the primary focal points of the new developments in accounting practice (Gray 2004). This paper represents an attempt to analyze the concept of environmental accounting, its relationship with the basic concepts of traditional accounting and its application to the modern business framework. The range of problems associated with effective incorporation of environmental accounting principles in practice will also be identified. Although the paper relies extensively on review and analysis of the research literature instead of primary data provided by the UK, US and other companies it barely undermines its credibility. Firstly, only highly credited scholarly sources and authors are included in the review. Secondly, the existing research provides valuable hints on such aspects of environmental accounting which might have remained unnoticed for a relatively inexperienced in this field person. The below discussion is divided into several subsections to 2. Environmental Reporting Defined The environmental Working Party of the European Federation of Accountants defines the objective of environmental reporting as follows: the provisions of information about the environmental impact and performance of an entity that is useful to relevant stakeholders in assessing their relationship with the reporting entity (Dixon, Mousa and Woodhead 2004). In other words, the aim of environmental accounting is to identify use of environmental resources and all measures taken in this area and to communicate costs of an organization's actual or potential impact on the environment. These costs include the expenditures to clean up or remediate sites contaminated as a result of an organizatio

The Typical American Essay Example for Free

The Typical American Essay Donald Trump has done much for the image of the typical American through his show, â€Å"The Apprentice,† and its focus on brand marketing to an individual. Throughout time, especially when it comes to advertising, the focus has been to nail down, specifically, what it is that makes a typical American a typical American. But are those traits just stereotypical of Americans as they used to be? Or do they suggest something much deeper about the American public—that behavior as a consumer can be actually be targeted, without much overall difficulty, using a combination of internal and external marketing by focusing on stereotypical beliefs, psychological profiles, and an understanding of basic human intelligence. To begin with, internal marketing focuses exclusively on the individual â€Å"you† of a company, striving to spotlight on their motivations and beliefs while gaining trust and reputation. For example, Ford Motor Company would use internal marketing to evaluate the needs of their employees and to become a better employer for those needs. This can be seen in media advertising as well, as more and more commercials focus on the audience â€Å"you.† Everyone can relate to the stressed out mom with the Renuzit spray as she cleans up her kid’s soccer mess. While the consumer here is not part of the Renuzit company, they feel, by the method of advertising, that they relate to the message presented. External marketing is more about the business itself and how they manage to position themselves in front of the consumer. This medium of marketing is more difficult to qualify because it is in the presentation itself that makes this mode effective. For example, Ford Motor Company is advertising at a dog show and at a car show. At the dog show, they will surely be overlooked as anything more than annoying sales people because their method of presentation holds no true meaning for them, while the car show would explode with excited consumers because they are positioned in front of their target audience. So, to be honest, the factor that has the greatest influence on an average consumer (like me) is both internal and external marketing. It would be hard to feel the deep Renuzit â€Å"homey† vibe when watching a stressful horror flick on the Sci Fi channel, but it would be a much more well received bit of advertising if the Learning Channel was on and Martha Stewart was cooking something yummy in the kitchen. Even in something so small and simple as random household commercial, both internal and external marketing are essential to see decent results. Moreover, the internet has taken this idea to a whole new level in advertising. It used to be that a basic site could attract visitors simply because it existed out there in the vast world wide web. But things have changed. Now, for a website to have any luck, whatsoever, they have to not only have targeted content, but also targeted keywords. Whole businesses have sprung up claiming to be able to properly optimize a website for the search engines—their philosophy: target a consumer based on stereotypical beliefs, psychological profiles, and an understanding of basic human intelligence in how people go about searching for the information they are hoping to find (Word Partners Ink). This process is just as complicated as it is for traditional advertisers because the potential visitors have to be exclusively targeted to get any results. This means that if a website is selling cat food, they have to use keyword rich content illustrating the most common search terms for cat food. Maybe name brands, or maybe even breed. The fact is that even as technology grows and looking at Americans as â€Å"typical† by using stereotypical methods sounds politically incorrect, it is still the only method for effective sales, even in the online media. According to the article by Anne Cronin (written more than a decade ago) the â€Å"typical American† exhibits certain identifiable traits. Since some of the traits are so outlandishly true, it’s best to go over each set and compare to the â€Å"typical American† now. Cronin begins with a â€Å"white woman who is 32.7 years old, [who is] married and a mother, owns a home in the suburbs with three bedrooms, two telephones, no answering machine, with two TV sets, cable, and a VCR.† This woman is the woman of â€Å"Stepford Wives.† Her home is her castle and she is still young enough to feel beautiful while she keeps things clean. This woman could still exist today, but with a few modifications. It would be hard to find a household without two TV’s (most probably have four, with two computers), but the telephones would be cell phones, as even kids as young as nine are getting them now that companies like Disney and Verizon have hit on that need, and the woman would probably be divorced with two kids while still living in the suburbs off a nice alimony check. Cronin continues with the woman’s lifestyle: â€Å"she works for a private company as a clerical worker, she (and probably her husband) does not own a gun, does not smoke, does not know anyone with AIDS, spent two hours driving yesterday (probably errands, maybe work), and she read a newspaper today.† The hilarious part is that this woman probably does not exist today. If she doesn’t smoke, she probably knows someone who either has AIDS or has died from AIDS, and if she isn’t a clerical worker, she probably didn’t read the newspaper today. Cronin’s article attempts to pinpoint the â€Å"typical American† woman from the early nineties. Things have definitely changed, but her reasoning is sound. And, her theories could still be applied to identify the traits of the typical American today by focusing on beliefs, psychological profiles, and an understanding on basic human understanding. The world has changed drastically in the last decade. War, tragedy, terrorism, and disease are vastly more prominent than they were just ten years ago. With the hit on 9/11, not only was security throughout the nation revamped, but so was the American consciousness; meaning that men and women had to take a broader understanding of their world if they wanted to survive it. And, perhaps that understanding is a bit more cynical than it used to be. Suburbia has essentially been replaced with powerful business women and internet entrepreneurs. Analyzing and pinpointing the typical American has become something of a carnival game on the internet on OK Cupid’s website. Here, a visitor can take the â€Å"Are you a Typical American test† to find out how they rank as a typical American. The questions are quite illuminating, as are the results. There are 25 questions in all (and a screen name must be chosen at the end to view all results), much reminiscent of the questions found on the â€Å"Are you Smarter than a Fifth Grader† TV show hosted by Jeff Foxworthy. But this doesn’t mean that they are easy. In fact, many of the questions have more to do with lifestyle than outside knowledge (though many United States history questions are asked), which makes for interesting criteria for the â€Å"typical American.† After taking the test, despite being somewhat mortified by the results, it became clear just how easy it is to call a typical American a â€Å"typical American.† Even shows like â€Å"Millionaire† and â€Å"Identity† (to the far extreme) hit on this ideal: that the typical American exhibits particular traits, mainly targeted by how much they weigh, how much fast food they eat, how much they watch television, and how much they know about their country. Sadly, that’s all it takes. A marketing genius would be hard pressed to find any other determining factors (they might throw in homey comfort and hobbies, but that’s about it). Overall, pinpointing the traits of the typical American has become something of a pastime for â€Å"typical Americans.† With the rise of the internet and TV game shows, this ideal has hit a new high. But, so has the effects on the marketing and advertising world. As the world changes, and the typical American changes with it, so must advertising and how those traits are analyzed and determined. However, while these things change, even drastically, the methods for identifying the traits of the typical American have not. Still, no matter the mode, the method must focus on beliefs, psychological profiling, and a basic understanding on how the average American thinks. Works Cited. Cronin, Anne. â€Å"Typical American.† New York Times. 1992, pg ES5. OK Cupid. â€Å"Are you the Typical American Test.† 2007 Human Rainbow. http://www.okcupid.com/tests/take Word Partners Ink. â€Å"Search Engine Optimization.† 2007 Word Partners Ink. http://wordpartnersink.tripod.com/searchengineoptimization

Spike Lee Essay -- Biography, Shelton Jackson Lee

Shelton Jackson Lee was born in Atlanta, Georgia March 20, 1957. Born to teacher Jacqueline Carroll and jazz musician William James Edward Lee, Shelton grew up in Brooklyn, New York where he was provided with a rich cultural upbringing that included plays, movies, and music (Gale 1). At a young age, Lee was nicknamed â€Å"Spike† by his mother who noticed his rough nature and the nickname stuck well into his adult life. He attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia where he gained an interest in film and then graduated with a Bachelors degree in Mass Communication. Lee went on to attend New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts where he created his first student film and graduated in 1982 with a Master of Fine Arts in Film and Television. Being one of the few black students to attend Tisch School of the Arts, the aspiring filmmaker’s first year at New York University was a particularly difficult one. Lee’s experiences, race, and upbringing have al l led him to create controversial films to provide audiences with an insight into racial issues. Spike Lee’s first student production, The Answer, was a short ten minute film which told of a young black screenwriter who rewrote D.W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation. The film was not well accepted among the faculty at New York University, stating Lee had not yet mastered â€Å"film grammar.† Lee went on to believe the faculty took offense to his criticisms towards the respected director’s stereotypical portrayals of black characters (1). For his final film project, Lee wrote, produced, and directed Joe’s Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads. The film won him the 1983 Student Academy Award for Best Director and the Lincoln Center chose the film as its first student production. The film was lo... ...d violence (Biography 1). While black oriented films have veered away from racism and focused more on humor and sex to attract the new younger audience, Lee has continued to focus on racial issues, keeping the door open for other directors to follow. One of the most original, innovative, and without a doubt controversial filmmakers in America, Lee admits he has been blessed with the opportunity to express the views of black people who otherwise don’t have access to power and media (IMDb 4). Lee uses this motivation coming from his passion of being able to express the views of many, along with Malcolm X himself and his philosophy that blacks need to build their own economic base, to continue contributing to Hollywood (Gale 4). There is no doubt that Spike Lee will continue to find ways to impact audiences with his controversial actions, statements and racial films.

Power and Authority that affects English Language Essay

All languages change over time, and vary from place to place. In my opinion, English language is the most influenced by the change. I must say lots of factors affect language. It may be because of political or social pressures, such us invasions, imigration and colonisation. It may also change because of latest inventions, such as transport, domestic appliances and industrial equipment, or new sports and entertainment, because they also need new vocabluary. But, language can change by less obvious things. Language changes whenever speakers come into a communication with each other. Every person speaks differently from others, everybody has there own ‘idiolect’. There are no people who speak identically: people from different geographical places clearly speak differently, but even within the same small community there are variations according to a speaker’s age, gender, ethnicity and social and educational background. English language was changing from the days of Roman empire. Then anglo-saxon invasions also affected it bringing every day life words like: woman, house, loaf, then Christian missionary came in, bringing latin language and using some of its words. After that, Vikings came along bringing thousands of new words. Inavasion of William the Conqueror in 1066 brought many new words to English language from French. The 100 year war against France that happened after, also changed English language a lot. As we all know William Shakspeare about 2000 words and phrases. Shakespeare showed the world that English language was a rich and beautiful language, with limitless expressions and emotional power. It was a huge affect on English language was when in 1611 King James made a new translation of Bible so everybody will read and understand it. In 1660’s there were a lot of scientists in England and it brought a whole new words to the language. The English people started to explore the world and travel, where they found new words. Then british went to America and invented new words for new animals and things they found there. Then the new technologies took place. New inventions like radio, television, fridge needed new vocabluary. Speaking of a technology, their role in our lives is astonishing. Its effect on the way we communicate has changed the English language forever. The way we speak today is really different from the way we spoke before the internet became so widely used. Phone calls, to my mind, changed little: we still use the same methods to  greet and say good bye, for example. What is deffinitely different, however, is the way we write today. That is the area where technology has had a HUGE impact. It brought with it a whole new etiquette, as well as new conventions and new abbreviations, such as IMO (in my opinion) and FYI (for your information). And it introduced the idea that WORDS IN UPPER CASE MEAN WE ARE SHOUTING, while lower case writing is the accepted form. Mobile phones has had a much bigger impact. The way we write our text messages is now so widely accepted that it has become a mainstream: OMG (oh my God), idk (I don’t know), Ikr (I know right), and etc. And then we have the sudden rise of blogging. There are now millions of blogs worldwide. Add to that the even-more-baffling growth of the key social networking websites – Instagram, Twitter, Tumblr, Facebook. So, to sum up: email + texting + blogging + social networking sites = people writing more how they speak and less like they used to write. Writing correctly still happens when it is either for your Boss, parent or a teacher. After people started using Television almost everywhere, language started changing depending on what TV shows are you watching or what channels are you watching. It might be a BBC News or Royal Family News where they all speak RP(recieved pronuanciation) to be more clear to people or it might be for example a cooking programme when people start using cookers terminology. Inventions like radio and iPod also made music more available to everybody. So the type of music you listen will affect on how your language will change. Popular singers are icons mostly for younger generation, so they have the authority to change language. New technologies made it more easier to communicate with outside world: trains, plains, ships made it much easier to travel and communicate with a wide range of different people, which obviously has a different idiolects and diolects. Also our language changes depending on to whom, where and why we speak. Through our interactions with these different speakers, we encounter new words, expressions and pronunciations and integrate them into our own speech. For example when you speak to your parents, your speach is more  formal and correct. But it is much different when you speak to your friends or peers. Your speach and words are more informal and pronouncation of words is different. The type of school we’ve studied in, also affects our language. In private shools, because children are from higher social classes and their background is more wealthy, they speak more posh and ‘correct’. When people from public schools speak more ‘chavy’ and use more slang. Also your ethnicity and the area you live or lived in: urban or city area, has really big affect on our dialect. Ethnicity affects because your dialect changes depending on who your ancestors were and what is your actual language. For example if you are french you have a specific accent and dialect. Also if you live in a city the way you speak is different than if you were from an urban area. Because in city there are much more people more influences, tourists bring different words and traditions, fast pace of life, they have own technical or city jargon, when in rural areas they a kind of country language, things take long time to change. This affects language change. The job or your interests change dialect, the words you use and how you say them. Because different jobs use different terminology and some people may use them in their everyday lifes and create a kind of new slang. Scoial class plays a big role aswell. The higher the person is on the social ladder, the more educated that person is likely to be. With a better education, a person will likely speak more properly. His or her sentences will be well formulated and slang will be at a minimum. The lower person is on a social ladder, the less educated a person is likely to be. And with less education, a person will likely speak with a looser form of a language. But it doesn’t happen always, people can be different. All of this things change our language. Language always changes and Every successive generation makes its own small contribution to language change and when sufficient time has elapsed the impact of these changes becomes more obvious. But will the same things change our language in future, and how fast it will change. Will language be completely different from the one we speak today, or will it change a little. We don’t know what people in future will think how is correct to say and write. Language is the most unpredictable and rapidly changing thing and the way it changes depends on us.

Visual Rhetoric in Persepolis

Nils Tangemann Josh Holland English A SL C-Code Section: Part 3 Works read: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Pantheon. New York. 2003 Question: How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? The Display of Revolutionists in Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis In Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis there are several important social groups that all play a role towards creating the whole picture that describes little Marji’s everyday life in 1970s Iran. The nature of the revolution during that time created a huge divide between the different social groups.This was dominated by different opinions that were expressed using violence, intimidation and other mental and physical threatening methods. Satrapi uses visual representation and plot devices in her graphic novel Persepolis to expose the hypocrisy of the Islamic revolution. First of all, the author displays all members of the army and Islamic revolutionary groups without any distinction from each other; they are o ne homogenous group. Secondly, a story about the corruptness of policemen and government officials is used to demonstrate how detached those people act towards their fake values that they preach to other people.Lastly, the fact that the army is recruiting new soldiers through a method that is obviously aimed at non- or less-educated youth shows that the regime is scared of the higher educated population knowing that they will not have a chance in recruiting this social group because of their opposition. An aspect of the novel that comes to mind immediately when reading the text is Satrapi’s choice to display the members of the revolutionist Islamic regime in a different way than the family or friends of ten year old Marji.While the individuals that are a direct part of Marji’s social life are displayed in great detail, the revolutionists are always shown in a more general fashion, therefore not distinguishing those characters. An example of this can be found in the cha pter â€Å"The bicycle† when the burning down of a cinema by police forces is described (Satrapi 14). Using this technique, the followers of the regime are displayed as individuals that do not have an individual opinion, but rather blend into the crowd of people and go with the mainstream ideology hat is prevalent during the current political situation. This makes this social group stand out in such a way that the reader considers them generally as less educated and unable to question the political views that society has. The fact that Satrapi shows the persons that lean towards the more communistic political opinion in greater detail than revolutionists shows her political beliefs, therefore furthering the idea that this novel can be considered a memoir. In addition, the policemen of the revolutionary regime are depicted as corrupt and detached from their values.When the family almost gets caught having alcohol in their house, the policemen accept money from Marji’s f ather and leave again without checking his flat (Satrapi 10). If the actual religious core values of the regime were important to those policemen, they would not have left the site without checking, since the possession of forbidden substances is obvious to them. This depicts how separated the followers of the regime are from their own values that they promote.Satrapi tells the reader this story because she wants to expose the hypocrisy with which the government officials and therefore also the police operates. In this case, the author uses a plot device to express her political opinion. She makes the conscious decision to include this memory in her novel because it illustrates her opposition to the government and demonstrates a strong reason why using these policemen as bait. Similarly, in Marji’s description the army uses techniques that clearly aim for the less educated and poor people to join the military.A plastic key on a chain is distributed to the less educated in ord er to convince them that they will go to heaven if they fight for their country. Satrapi uses the dialogue between her mother and their housekeeper to indicate how upset the upper social class us about the strategy that the government uses to persuade the innocent youth of Iran (Satrapi 99). The government clearly aims for the young adults that do not have much of a choice other than joining the army and dying at a young age.On top of that, they are also naive enough to believe that the key will bring them to heaven. Mrs. Nasrine tells the story of how her son is being convinced to go to the army (Satrapi 100). The family helps to convince Mrs. Nasrine’s son that the government is spreading lies (Satrapi 101). Marji’s mother is debunking the myths of the government in front of everyone’s eyes. The author uses this technique to express her own, negative opinion for the government and the manner in which they treat the young adults and not caring about their lives .In conclusion, certain techniques of visual rhetoric and plot devices can be detected in the novel and are utilized to express the personal opinion of the author whilst displaying the revolutionary government as incompetent and unqualified. The followers of the regime are displayed homogenously without distinct characteristics or an individual opinion. The police that is associated with the government is corrupt and the methods of recruiting new soldiers for the army are only intended for uneducated and naive people because others cannot be tricked into the belief of going to heaven.The author makes great use of this technique not only when describing the revolutionists, but also when she is delivering her own opinion about how women were treated in Iran during her childhood. When deciphering these methods and finding the hidden comments on the social structure we really see the author in her mid-forties who is writing. The novel far expands from the view of a ten year old and is n ot only a story of a childhood, but also a critical commentary on moral issues and personal opinion. [Word count: 958] Citation: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Pantheon. New York. 2003.

Manson murders essays

Manson murders essays Charlie Manson was born Charles Miles Manson in November 12, 1934. He was born as an illegitimate child to a 16-year-old girl. Manson never met his father who lived in Kentucky. Manson started committing crimes at the age of 13. His first criminal acts were robbing a grocery store and casino. He was caught and sent to Juvenal detention, but escaped and committed two more robberies. Eventually he was caught and sent back. When he was released he was sent to a school for boys where he escaped 18 times during his stay. Throughout these years he committed other robberies, auto theft, and burglaries. Manson was sentenced to10 years in prison again in 1959. During this time he became obsessed with the Beatles. When his term was up he asked the guards to let him stay, but he was released. In the summer of 1969 Manson formed the family and they move into the Spahn Ranch in southern California. Manson would instruct his followers to commit murders hoping that it would start healt er skelter. Manson and four family members were sentenced to death but later sentenced to life in prison when the death penalty was abolished in California. Today Manson is alive and serving his sentence in Corcoran prison. Charlie Manson is famous for the Tate and LaBianca murders. Although he didnt actually commit the murders he instructed his followers to do it. His reason for instructing them to do it was because he wanted to start a race war. Justice was eventually served when Manson and some of his followers were found guilty of first-degree murder. During Mansons prison term he became obsessed with the Beatles. It inspired him to learn to play the guitar. He started to write his own music. About two years after he was released from prison Manson went to the residence of Sharon Tate looking for Tony Melcher. He wanted Melcher to give him a record deal, but he was told to leave. This incident is the reason wh...

Titillating Types of Sound Effects in Language

Titillating Types of Sound Effects in Language Its a basic principle of modern language studies that individual sounds (or phonemes) dont possess meanings. Linguistics professor Edward Finegan offers a simple illustration of the point: The three sounds of top dont individually have meaning; they form a meaningful unit only when combined as in top. And its precisely because the individual sounds in top dont carry independent meaning that they can be formed into other combinations with other meanings, such as pot, opt, topped, and popped.(Language: Its Structure and Use, 5th ed. Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008) Yet this principle has an escape clause of sorts, one that goes by the name of sound symbolism (or phonaesthetics). While individual sounds may not possess intrinsic meanings, certain sounds do seem to suggest certain meanings. In his Little Book of Language (2010), David Crystal demonstrates the phenomenon of sound symbolism: Its interesting how some names sound good and some sound bad. Names with soft consonants such as [m], [n], and [l] tend to sound nicer than names with hard consonants such as [k] and [g]. Imagine were approaching a planet, where two alien races live. One of the races is called the Lamonians. The other is called the Grataks. Which sounds like the friendlier race? Most people opt for the Lamonians, because the name sounds friendlier. Grataks sound nasty. In fact, sound symbolism (also called phonosemantics) is one of the ways in which new words are fashioned and added to the language. (Consider frak, the all-purpose swear word coined by the writers of the Battlestar Galactica TV series.) Of course, poets, rhetoricians, and marketers have long been aware of the effects created by particular sounds, and in our glossary youll find numerous overlapping terms that refer to specific arrangements of phonemes. Some of these terms you learned in school; others are probably less familiar. Give a listen to these linguistic sound effects (an example, by the way, of both alliteration and assonance). For more detailed explanations, follow the links. Alliteration The repetition of an initial consonant sound, as in the old slogan of Country Life butter: Youll never put a better bit of butter on your knife. Assonance The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in neighboring words, as in the repetition of the short i sound in this couplet from the late rapper Big Pun: Dead in the middle of little Italy little did we knowThat we riddled a middle man who didnt do diddly.Twinz (Deep Cover 98), Capital Punishment, 1998 Homoioteleuton Similar sound endings to words, phrases, or sentencessuch as the repeated -nz sound in the advertising slogan Beans Means Heinz. Consonance Broadly, the repetition of consonant sounds; more specifically, the repetition of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words. Homophones Homophones are two (or more) wordssuch as knew and newthat are pronounced the same but differ in meaning, origin, and often spelling. (Because peas and peace differ in the voicing of the final consonant, the two words are considered near homophones as opposed to true homophones.) Oronym A sequence of words (for example, the stuff he knows) that sounds the same as a different sequence of words (the stuffy nose). Reduplicative A word or lexeme (such as mama, pooh-pooh, or chit-chat) that contains two identical or very similar parts. Onomatopoeia The use of words (such as hiss, murmuror the Snap, Crackle, and Pop! of Kelloggs Rice Krispies) that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Echo Word A word or phrase (such as buzz and cock a doodle doo) that imitates the sound associated with the object or action it refers to: an onomatope. Interjection A short utterance (such as ah, doh, or yo) that usually expresses emotion and is capable of standing alone. In writing, an interjection (like Fred Flintstones Yabba dabba do!) is often followed by an exclamation point. To learn more about phonosemantics in the context of a wide variety of modern languages, have a look at the cross-disciplinary essays collected in Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala (Cambridge University Press, 2006). The editors introduction, Sound-Symbolic Processes, offers a lucid overview of the different types of sound symbolism and describes some universal tendencies. Meaning and sound can never be fully separated, they conclude, and linguistic theory must accommodate itself to that increasingly obvious fact.

Impact of Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Impact of Nationalism - Essay Example The most important feature of nationalism is the nationalistic behavior. It defines the ability and willingness of a nation to make sacrifices to construct national instruments such military, diplomacy, intelligence, economic etc that are necessary for the survival and integrity of any nation to keep them safe from external threats. This ability to make sacrifices for the country is the most important aspect of any countries foreign policy. The same is true for all aspects of national life. This willingness of the people to make sacrifices and nationalism makes any country more powerful. An empirical study of different cases of the world reveals that this nationalism can be mobilized to identify opportunities and achieving national goals and it can also be channelized to deal with threats to the nation as is the case of USA. Emergence of Nationalism was also observed in Russia and China after the cold war. However in the case of Russia with the disintegration of Soviet Union, the pow er, prestige, authority and economic independence was lost but Russians gain their identity and could express their love and affection for their nation. This nationalism helped them come out as triumphant from the economic and political turmoil caused by disintegration. The impact of nationalism is so strong that just ten years after the disintegration of Soviet Union, all the countries that emerged from it are very different from each other.

Playing by Heart Movie. Relations Between Paul And Hannah Essay

Playing by Heart Movie. Relations Between Paul And Hannah - Essay Example Theirs is a case of true love that conquered all and is the kind of marriage that is permanent and not fleeting. Gracie and Hugh’s marriage was on the rocks because boredom set in and Gracie did not think Hugh had enough imagination to make their marriage more exciting, that is why Hugh kept trying to invent stories and sell these to women in bars to prove to himself that he is still an interesting man. Gracie, however, goes off to have a physical affair with a man he thought was exciting. Their marriage was not built on a strong foundation because the commitment to each other was flimsy and consistently needed concrete proof that they were worthy of each other. Meredith and Trent’s relationship is new, thanks to Trent’s devotion and persistence in breaking down the high wall that Meredith had built around herself. Being able to get through to her was a major breakthrough that both he and Meredith had a great chance of a successful relationship. The same is true of Joan and Keenan who met casually at a bar. Although their lives seem to be shallow, once they opened up to each other and decided to become vulnerable, they discovered what love was. The movie seemed to point out that once walls are broken down and the person inside agrees to be exposed until another person gets to love him or her for what he or she is, then the love that will grow from it is true. The couples Meredith and Trent and Joan and Keenan have chances to have happy marriages and probably children to complete their families. This is because they have made a decision to be honest with each other and to live without pretenses. 2. Discuss and evaluate the primary relationship between Paul and Hannah. Explain how they deal with intimacy, power, and love and how they understand marriage. Give examples of how their behaviors express their hopes and aspirations about love, marriage, children, and family. Paul and Hannah had very different philosophies with regards to relationsh ips. Paul was in love with Wendy 25 years ago but he chose to stay with his wife and children when Wendy moved away. Hannah took everything in just to save the family from breaking apart until both of them reconciled without talking about issues that bothered them. It was only until later when they discovered how ill Paul was that they endeavoured to be open to each other. Paul revealed that he fell in love with another woman because he wanted to feel again what made Hannah fall in love with him. With Wendy, he felt great and â€Å"vindicated† as a man who had a successful wife and left in the shadows. However, no matter how he felt for Wendy, he still knew that he was committed to his family. On they both journeyed through life as marriage partners, and have now reached a milestone, celebrating 40 years of marital togetherness and raised three lovely and loving daughters who had lives of their own. 3. Did Paul have an â€Å"affair† with Wendy? Is this kind of relation ship wrong for a marriage? How do you understand the explanation that Paul gives to Hannah about his relationship with Wendy? How would you compare Paul’s relationship with Wendy and Gracie’s relationship with Roger? Paul had an emotional affair with Wendy however, they never engaged in

Midterm exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm exam - Essay Example It is on this account that men will use their positions and wealth to influence vulnerable women to have sex with them, only to abandon them later once they have satisfied their lust regardless of the consequences of their actions, which may include unplanned pregnancies. As such, allowing abortion becomes a key element towards protecting poor women from becoming single parents without intent as well as reducing poverty and street crime. A child deserves to have a better life i.e. access to quality education, healthcare, good nutrition among other basic necessities such as shelter and clothing. Apparently, a poor mother, who cannot even sustain herself, has nothing to offer her child and this implies that families built on this sort of foundation eventually has a high probability of becoming a liability to the society and the government at large. In fact, these are the people who unfortunately end up in the streets begging for assistance as well as conducting heinous acts such as pro stitution and robbery. In this light, abortion enables one to exercise her right to decide on the best time to become a parent, when she has accumulated all the necessary courage and economic stability to sustain herself as well as her offspring (Heary 22). Most of the societies set considerably high moral standards, which prohibit fornication alongside other irresponsible sexual behaviors such as prostitution and adultery. For example, the church has always advocated for celibacy as a natural method of solving dilemmas such as HIV/AIDS among other sex related issues (Beckwith 108). This has influenced greatly the way the society perceives those unfortunate persons who intentionally or otherwise find themselves in these predicaments such as pregnancies out of wedlock. These people are discriminated against as they are perceived to be immoral and therefore, a shame to the society and the families which they come from. Some of the societies will even exclude them from their affairs fo r it will be apparent that they are a bad influence and bad examples to their age mates as well as the generation below them. To avoid all this, it would be of great significance to abort the child in order to maintain the level of standards expected by the society, by concealing sexual involvement. Abortion is also a way of controlling high population growth. In this case, it would be necessary to point out that I come from China, a country which is categorized as one with the highest population, of approximately 1.3 billion people, and which is expected to rise to approximately 1.6 billion people by the year 2025 (Beckwith 109). Due to this, the country has set up a one child policy, in order to slow down the rate of births. However, it has been noticed that there are those who fail to observe this policy, and goes ahead to have more than one child, especially in the rural areas, where analysts indicate that there is the culture whereby couples prefer the birth of boys as opposed to girls, mainly due to inheritance issues. In this context, if the first child is a girl, the parents cannot rest there for they will definitely have no heirs to their property and therefore, they have to bear more children until that time when a baby boy is born. It has been noted that such couples usually lie during census so as to protect themselves from facing the

Case analysis for Bank of America Essay Example for Free

Case analysis for Bank of America Essay Expand current app to include basic credit card and mortgage functions to increase market share of expanding mobile transaction market and shift customer activity to cost-effective channels. BOA’s entrance into local mobile payment and person-to-person P2P mobile shopping market (tap a large and growing market that currently lacks the regulation of banks and â€Å"added security†. I would like to divide strategy into two parts, short term and long term. The short term strategy is to solve the problem that how we define our market, and define population to be targeted with mobile strategy. Retain existing functionality. Enhance current app by adding basic credit card and mortgage features (increase passive customer engagement and minimize complexity). Increased customer engagement and cross-selling to make sure increasing transactions and save money. The long term strategy has three steps to executive. (1 Integrate Credit Card and Mortgage business into current Bank of America Mobile App. (2 Introduce Bank of America e-commerce app which includes local mobile payment and person to person capabilities. (3 Expand to international markets using existing mobile apps to create â€Å"virtual banking† regardless of physical branch presence. For local mobile payment, Bank of America should reduce transaction cost to Bank of America and merchants. Merchants reduce costs associated with current point of sale credit card services. Instant access via Bank of America e-commerce to business accounts and transaction history. Eliminating more expensive consumer and merchant transactions could save cost to Bank of America. For person-to-person, it should cut out the middleman which means reduced transactional costs. Secure payment system that is regulated and insured like a bank, unlike the currently the only established competitor,  PayPal. P2P market has a large potential for growth, estimate 2.4 billion e-commerce transaction in 2014 and 78 million active PayPal users, 3 billion â€Å"under-banked† consumers worldwide. The benefits of its app are at following sentences. 1) Leverage Bank of America as first online and mobile bank. 2) Cost efficient way to provide additional services to existing consumers and reach previously unreachable customers. 3) Without the existing company, PayPal, there is a few competitors in this market. 4) Costs include programming and maintenance of application after roll-out. There are other additional benefits. 1) New customers poached from other bank is 38 million transactions in 2010 and 119 in 2014. 2) Expand its reach into mobile transaction market as all customer groups experience increased convenience and streamlining of banking needs. 3) App for free = limits the barriers to entry. 4) Enhance features increase the likelihood of customers finding value in mobile banking. Bank of America’s market share of mobile transactions will increase as credit card and mortgage customers from all groups utilize the app and extend their activities with the bank (as seen in Bank of America’s lessons from online banking). Incremental transactions made by mobile customers will come at a reduced expense to Bank of America.

Is Global Warming a Hoax? Essay -- environmental issues, climate change

Is global warming a hoax? Anyone who listens to the news for sure very often comes across a news anchor stating how the Earth’s climate is changing. Global warming is a term that creates fear among many. But with all the open and uncensored media out there how do we know that this is not a lie or cover-up? So what does global warming actually mean and is it really true? If global warming is such a big deal why are we taking our time to act? The climate of the Earth has been changing way before the industrialization era began; way before we started to dig up fossil fuel, burn it and put carbon into the air. So if this has been happening for a long time, what is the huge fuss about it? Many believe this is just a fuss. Looking at the financial perspective, many beneficiaries have popped up due to the investment in green-friendly materials. One of the notable people who made sky rocketing financial gains after his investment within the green-industry riches is Al Gore, an American politician, advocate and philanthropist, who was the 45th Vice President of the United States, under President Bill Clinton. Larry Bell states: In 2004, Gore co-founded London-based Generation Investment Management (GIM) with Senator Feinstein’s husband, former Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Managing Director David Blood to invest money in businesses that were â€Å"going green†. Public filings show that GIM raised profits of nearly $218 million between 2008 and 2011, split among 26 partners. By 2008 Gore was able to put together $35 million into hedge funds and private partnerships through Capricorn Investment Group, a Palo Alto company founded by his Canadian billionaire buddy Jeffrey Skoll, the first president of EBay Inc (Bell). One main blow comes from the co... ...ources Defense Council (NRDC), â€Å"Four global warming impacts alone—hurricane damage, real estate losses, energy costs, and water costs—will come with a price tag of 1.8 percent of U.S. GDP, or almost $1.9 trillion annually (in today’s dollars) by 2100† (Akerman 4). Climate change or global warming is neither today’s nor tomorrow’s problem. It is a long term problem that has been affecting us, is affecting us, and at an even much higher rate will affect us. Works Cited Ackerman, Frank, and Elizabeth A. Station. â€Å"The cost of Climate Change: What We’ll Pay if Global Warming Continues Unchecked.† nrdc.org. Natural Resources Defense Council, May 2008. Web. 26 April 2014. Bell, Larry. â€Å"The Greening of Gore’s Bank Account.† Forbes. 21 May 2013. Web. 25 April 2014. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Future Climate Change. Epa.gov. n.d. Web. 25 April 2014.

Original Writing Essay

I am the princess awaiting rescue in the quiet corner of the ballroom. I stand silently gathering dust in the shadows, grinning with gapped black and white teeth. The pungent odour of rising damp impregnates the air. Lonely and deserted by the warm affectionate hands I once knew and loved, shudders trace the length of my now slackened strings. I can still feel the faint, muffled trembling in my worn hammers of a serene piano concerto. I remain here reminiscing of times gone by; dreaming about rhapsodies of the great composers, sonatas with their heartbreaking refrains casting their sweet melodies out into the hearts of my listeners. I held the power to move people and touch their very souls. My waltzes floated dreamily like a single cloud in a clear blue sky drifting peacefully into the distance. I look back on my past at all the things I have experienced: my debut in the grand concert hall, the first time I felt the touch of his hands pounding passionately on my keys, I remember shaking with nerves as the critics watched and listened attentively, waiting for mistakes. We, my old friend and I, had travelled the length and breadth of the country together enchanting audiences with our music. Each week we would embark on another journey to take us to a new hall, each as grand as the last. The venues with their elegant, majestic decor were visited only by the noble and wealthy people in society. It felt fantastic to be associated with the upper class. They were women who could afford to wear the most opulent of gowns made with the finest silks, taffetas velvets and brocades; all of which were accompanied with stoles derived from the best pelts of fur that money could buy- the most popular of which being mink, ermine and fox. Their partners, of course, were dressed just as magnificently in their white tie evening suits. They looked somewhat like penguins in their expensive attire. I often wondered if it was the actual music they had come to listen to or just an excuse to show off their prosperity; the value of their wives jewellery alone could well have paid a king’s ransom! How I miss the anticipation and the adulation that each concert brought; the scores of fans applauding and cheering for an encore for which we jumped at the chance! We would play for ages after the scheduled end of the show; this was my favourite part of the performance because we always made an unforgettable exit! We amazed crowds like this every night; they all loved us and our music. But, as the saying goes, all good things must come to an end. The popularity of such grand events began to dwindle; the new recordings brought the great concertos into ones front room. People’s leisure time was spent in the comfort of their own homes and they much preferred to spend their evenings at the newly developed moving pictures. Then came the Great War. All the men were sent away to foreign lands to fight for their country. War, as they say, can be a great leveller; a rich man can be killed with a bullet just as easily as a poor man. People’s priorities altered, it wasn’t thought to be patriotic to flaunt ones wealth as had been done before. Nobody came to watch our shows: there was no one to escort the ladies, and they no longer felt the need to show their prosperity. Our shows were all cancelled. We were no longer needed; no longer wanted. It broke his heart knowing that we could no longer perform together. Not long afterwards, he went bankrupt. He lost everything: his house, his livelihood, his possessions; and me. I was devastated, how could I cope without him to love and comfort me? Who could be there for me? Most importantly, what would happen to him? I was so confused, my life had been turned upside down and I didn’t know if I’d manage. I knew he loved and cherished me, and the last thing he wanted to do was sell me, but he found himself in financial dire straits. He did what he had to do and I can’t condemn him for that. Nobody said that life should be fair. As the day of the auction loomed the atmosphere in the house was fraught. Complete strangers rummaged ruthlessly through all that was dear to him. The workmen pulled apart his home and left nothing behind. They had no respect for his privacy or his dignity. All his worldly goods were auctioned to satisfy his creditors. The items were sold for a pittance. I was sold there and violently shoved inside a small white transit van. It was not quite the transport I had become accustomed to, but I didn’t really have a choice in the matter. I made my final journey to where I am today; isolated here in the corner, being tortured by incompetent, untrained and inept hands, making a tuneless drone where once beautiful melodies had been played. I hope one day my prince will come rescue me from the depths of my despair; stuck here in this cold, damp dining room fully exposed to the gales blowing through the open window. I long for the caress of someone who truly understands my worth; and I can only hope that someone can appreciate me half as much as my friend did. I resign myself to the fact that I am no longer the youthful princess awaiting my prince, but a dowager condemned to a life of solitude. I now realise that life doesn’t always go the way you plan. I will always miss him but losing him has made me appreciate all the happy times we spent together and all the fond memories we share. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Dj Party

Report on DJ culture impact on IUB students Figure 1 : Likeness of the DJ party-10 Figure 2 : Popularity of Dj Party-10 Figure 3 : Perception about Dj party-11 Figure 4 : How often people goes to Dj party-12 Figure 5 : Is it good for IUB students-13 Figure 6 : Effects of Dj Party-13 Figure 7 : About banning Dj Party-14 Figure 8 : Bring dirtiness in our society-15 Abstract The aims and objectives of this report is to identify, describe and produce an analysis on necessity of Dj party impact on IUB students means is it affecting the IUB students in proper way or creating a disaster? This will provide a common understanding about Dj party; find out how IUB students react to it and whether it is good or bad for our IUB environment and the society. Our main purpose of this report is to let you know are the DJ parties in Bangladesh influencing the IUB students in a discipline or a disaster. First of all we will let you know about the DJ party in Bangladesh by giving you thorough information about the DJs and the DJ parties in Bangladesh including the DJ parties organized in IUB. Then we will give descriptive information about the DJ parties held in Bangladesh and which DJ parties’ students prefer to attend. Later we will discuss about the methodology where in this segment, we will discuss on the procedure of collecting information for the project. The whole data collection process has been divided in to two sections, primary and secondary section. Later we will deliver the findings of our report where we have done a survey of 50 IUB students and through which we got a better idea of the student’s opinion. In this finding we ask the students some questions that are related to the impact of the DJ parties. At first we ask the likeness of the DJ parties following this question we have asked how often the students go to DJ parties. Then through questionnaires we get the information about the effect of DJ parties on our IUB students. Following that we get the information whether DJ parties should be banned from our society. Later we get the information are DJ parties bringing dirtiness in our society and the environment of IUB. Through the questionnaires we get detail information about the report through which we can get a descriptive findings. Finally we finish the report with a informative conclusion. Later including a recommendation through where we get the information. Table of Contents |Sl. No. Description |Page | |1 |Introduction |7 | |2 |Methodology |8 | |3 |Findings |10 | |4 |Conclusion |16 | |5 |Recommendations |17 | |6 |Appendix |19 | Introduction Dj party is a very new tradition in Bangladesh. It’s a new way entertainment in Bangladesh. Even about 5 year ago there are very few people were conscious about Dj party. Gradually the situation of Bangladesh regarding Dj party has been changed. Now days, most of the people of Bangladesh are now aware about Dj party, gradually Dj party has become a common form/way of entertainment. Now a day Dj party is occurring every where in Bangladesh like corporate organization, university function, 5 star hotels, theme park like Nandon, Fantasy kingdom, Foyez lake etc. There are lots of new Dj’s are coming out day by day in Bangladesh from the new generation. They are highly talented and they have the music knowledge as well. The party or club DJ is a place where lots of people gathered and enjoying the Dj’s music by dancing. Dj party is always very crowded and noisy. Here, the DJ must be the life of the party, the MC, the shining star that makes the event. This type of a DeeJaying is not for the timid or shy. This may sound like the hardest, but relating to a live audience with instant feedback is actually the easiest. Methodology In this segment, we will discuss on the procedure of collecting information for the project. The whole data collection process has been divided in to two sections, primary and secondary section. Primary section In this section the data has been collected through a survey on more than 50 individuals on 8th and 15h April 2010. The questionnaire is based on two types of method – †¢ Qualitative †¢ Quantitative This data was obtained through a questionnaire concerning the following issues: ? DJ party and its effects on IUB students’ personal life ? DJ party and its effects on IUB students’ social life ? DJ party and its effects on corporate life Finally the conclusive evaluation on DJ party impact on IUB. The data was collected from a diverse group of students, staffs and professionals from Independent University, Bangladesh. Secondary Section In this section the data has been collected through different Print, Electronic and Online media given below: Print media: ? The Daily Star ? The Daily Prothom Alo ? The Daily New Age ? The Daily Amar Desh Electronic media: ? RTV ? Bangla vision ? BBC World ? CNN ? Sky News On-line media: ? Google. com ? Facebook ? Wikipedia ? CNN Online ? Prothom Alo online Edition These data were used to build up the base of the report as well as giving the report its current form. Findings: We have done a survey with 50 IUB students randomly within IUB to find out about necessity of Dj party and the things they like about Dj party, the things do not like about Dj party and impacts of Dj party on our society etc. We have done our survey on university students because Dj is the most popular among universities and high school students that means the young generation. From the survey, we have found the following information about Dj party, we also analyze the information: Likeness of the DJ party This section represents the popularity of DJ party in Bangladesh and the IUB students. It also evaluates the current situation of DJ party especially the IUB students of Bangladesh. We also divide the male and female regarding the likings of DJ party. Figure:1 Figure: 2 Figure : 3 [pic] We have done our survey on IUB students because Dj party is very much popular in IUB. Figure: 1 show that about 70% students like Dj party and 20% students have given negative opinion about Dj party and the remaining people are neutral about Dj party. They don’t like Dj party for several reasons like: †¢ It is still a new form of entertainment in our country. †¢ Lack of discipline in Dj party. †¢ Highly expensive ticket. Figure: 2 Show that likeliness of Dj party between male and female students. According to the survey, we have found 100 students from that 70% of male and 30% female students like Dj party. The percentage of female students regarding Dj party is lower because of following reasons: †¢ Restriction from religion †¢ Restriction from family †¢ Middle class girls are generally conservative Figure: 3 show the perception about Dj party among the IUB students. According to the figure 3 we can see 20% of student says awesome, 50% says good and 30% of students says dirty about Dj party. How often people goes to Dj party Dj party still not so popular yet in Bangladesh. Few years ago some people even do not know about Dj party. But now days, people has started to go DJ parties. Figure : 4 [pic] Figure: 4 say that 45% of student goes to Dj party once in month, 35% of student do not go to Dj party. 5% of students go to Dj party once in a week. Students want to spend more time with their friends with some sort of entertainment like music, drama, dancing, and singing. More over now days, couples want to go spend some personal time with entertainment and Dj party suited th em very much because there is crowd lots of space, darkness etc. Effect on IUB students IUB students can be divided into some classes as like: †¢ Upper class †¢ Upper middle class †¢ Middle class Figure : 5 Figure : 6 Figure 5 shows 80% people are disagree with the term that Dj party is good for our IUB students and 20% people agree with this term. We will find the reason in figure: 6. it shows that from Dj lover 65% are from upper middle class 25% and 10% are from middle class as because middle class people are higher in IUB and they are not so interested about Dj party we get the higher proportion of disagreeing that Dj party is go for IUB students. Should Dj party be banned in our country? Dj party is a place where people gather and enjoying the Dj music by dancing Dj party is always very crowed and noisy. As Bangladesh is a Muslim oriented country and there are many religion restrictions about dance and music that’s why we get different opinion about banning Dj party. Figure : 7 [pic] Figure: 7 show that 40% students are in favor of Dj party. They don’t want to stop Dj party because they think it’s a social meeting and new form of entertainment. People can enjoy the time with any bounds 35% students in natural position, they left these issues to the government because this is a complicated issue and lots of people do like Dj party. So they don’t want to give personal opinion about this issue. 25% students think Dj party should be banned from the society. Because they thought it brings dirtiness, no discipline and spoils our young generation and waste of money. It doesn’t match to our culture. Bring dirtiness in our society Our culture is very much conservative. People are devotional and religious. They don’t prefer environment where male and female gather together and dancing together. Figure 8 [pic] According to the survey, figure: 8 shows 75% of student thinks that Dj party brings dirtiness in our cutlers because it gives birth of vulgarity in our society. There are no dress codes for girl as a result girl wears such kind of dresses which makes the boys crazy. Moreover, the entertainment is very much suitable for all kind of provocative activities. About 15% of students are not sure about this issue because they know that it brings dirtiness. But still they like it. They think dirtiness is one kind of enjoyment. About 10% of the student says no about this issue. That means they think Dj party is not bring any kind of dirtiness. The reason behind this is they like this kind of modern culture and they are quite familiar about that culture. They don’t consider it as dirtiness because they are living with this kind of situation. They don’t consider it so dirtiness because they are living with this kind of situation. Conclusion Dj party is a good way of new entertainment in Bangladesh. The popularity of Dj party is known worldwide and people are aware of what Dj party is and what it does. From our survey we saw that its popularity is getting higher day by day. We made our survey of 50 students in IUB and we found most of the people like Dj party. But they all were worried about the impact of Dj party in our own culture. They suggest that if Dj party can deals with our own songs, then it will be much more accepted. In our survey, we saw that even though, most of the people like it but some of them said they do not like Dj party that much because they are very aware of our culture. They think Dj parties are hampering our culture very badly and giving birth of dirtiness in our society. Many people go to the Dj party very frequently; they spend their time keeping in touch with their friends by entertainment. They like spending the time with singing, dancing etc. Our country haven’t have many way of entertaining. So, people find it very enjoyable way of entertainment. But they don’t know that in the name of entertainment they are actually forgetting our own culture day by day as our cultural assets are not shown in these parties. For the reason of going very frequently in Dj parties they are becoming undisciplined in their practical life as there are no disciple in Dj parties. So, to conclude we can say that Dj party is very recent object in our country. We have very strong disciplined culture of our own. We have vast amount of musical assets as well. If Dj parties can remove the dirtiness, maintain the discipline and keep our culture live in the party, then it will be the one of the best ways of entertainment for everybody in our country. Recommendations: The following recommendations are made to improve the Dj parties ? Make some discipline at Dj parties. ? Should have some dress code. ? Smoking and drinking should be banned from Dj party. ? There should be age limit for the students. ? Dirtiness should be removed. We should keep our social norms and ethics. ? Dj can use our cultural songs so that our culture can be represent in a new way. ? Make a monitoring board for controlling Dj parties. References: References ? www. Google. om (last visited 16h April) ? CNN online. com (last visited 16h April) ? Sky News online edition (last visited 16h April) ? Prothom Alo Online edition (last visited 16h April) ? BBC online. com (last visited 16h April) ? The Daily Star online edition (last visited 16h April) ? elc. polyu. edu. hk/C iLL/reports. tm (last visited 16h April) ? ic. arizona. edu/~profcomm/writing/samples/report (last visited 16h April) Appendix: Sample questionnaire: [pic] Independent University Bangladesh (IUB) Survey on Do you want Dj parties more in IUB? Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Sex: M/F Age: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Education: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Occupation :†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Marital status: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Locality:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Please give a tick on the right option |Do you like DJ party? |Do you like to spend more time with your friends in Dj | | |parties? | | | |Yes |Yes | |No |No | | | | | | | |Do you love to listen Dj war? |How many times do you go to a Dj party in your life so | | |far? Age 18 – 24) | |Yes | | |No |0 – 5 | |Sometimes |5 – 10 | | |10 – 15 | | |More | |How frequently do yo u go to Dj parties? |Dj party is: | |Once in a week | | |Twice in week |Awesome | |Once in a month |Very good | |I don’t go to Dj parties Good | | |Dirty | |Dj party is good for IUB students? |Dj party should be banned in our country. | | |Off course NOT | |Agree |Should be banned | |Disagree |It’s up to govt. | |May be | | |Dj parties bring dirtiness in our culture. |What do you want in a Dj party? | |Classified DJ mix | |Yes |No dirtiness | |No |Classical music | |May be |Wide open venue | |Who cares | | Question 11 to 14 estimates the stage of your preference regarding the Dj parties. |5= Strongly Agree 4= Agree 3=Strongly Disagree 2= Disagree 1= Neutral |5 |4 |3 |2 |1 | |11. |DJ parties are necessary for the entertainment? | | | | | | |12. |Dj parties are the only way of entertainment? | | | | | | |13. |Do you think Dj parties are really essential for the corporate parties? | | | | | | |14 |Now a days Dj parties are giving birth of vulgarity/filthiness in our society. | | | | | | |Your opinion about Dj party in IUB: | ———————– [pic] [pic] [pic]